<- BCP Index (101..200)
(also RFC 5774)
Updates RFC 4776
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) K. Wolf
Request for Comments: 5774 A. Mayrhofer
BCP: 154 nic.at
Updates: 4776 March 2010
Category: Best Current Practice
ISSN: 2070-1721
Considerations for Civic Addresses in the
Presence Information Data Format Location Object (PIDF-LO):
Guidelines and IANA Registry Definition
Abstract
This document provides a guideline for creating civic address
considerations documents for individual countries, as required by RFC
4776. Furthermore, this document also creates an IANA Registry
referring to such address considerations documents and registers such
address considerations for Austria.
Status of This Memo
This memo documents an Internet Best Current Practice.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
BCPs is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5774.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 1]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................3
2. Terminology .....................................................4
3. Requirements ....................................................4
4. Specifying PIDF-LO Element Usage ................................5
4.1. General Considerations and Workflow ........................5
4.2. Guidelines for Individual Elements .........................7
4.2.1. Country .............................................7
4.2.2. Country Subdivisions A1-A6 ..........................7
4.2.3. Road and Street Names ...............................8
4.2.4. House Numbers .......................................8
4.2.5. Local Names .........................................9
4.2.6. Floors .............................................10
4.2.7. Address Codes ......................................10
4.2.8. Other Elements .....................................11
5. Security Considerations ........................................12
6. IANA Considerations ............................................12
6.1. PIDF-LO Civic Address Considerations Registry .............12
6.1.1. Structure ..........................................12
6.1.2. Registration Template ..............................13
6.1.3. Registry Location ..................................14
6.1.4. Registration Procedure .............................14
6.2. Registration Request for Austria ..........................14
6.3. Registration of the Considerations in RFC 4776 as
Obsolete ..................................................14
7. Acknowledgements ...............................................17
Appendix A. Civic Address Considerations Registration for
the Austrian Building and Habitation Registry .............18
A.1. Civic Address Format in Austria ...........................18
A.2. Sample Addresses ..........................................22
A.3. Address Codes in Austria ..................................23
A.4. Austrian Addresses in PIDF-LO .............................23
A.4.1. Country ............................................23
A.4.2. Country Subdivisions A1-A6 .........................24
A.4.3. Road and Street Names ..............................27
A.4.4. House Numbers ......................................27
A.4.5. Local Names ........................................28
A.4.6. Floors .............................................28
A.4.7. Additional Code Element ............................28
A.4.8. Other Elements .....................................29
A.4.9. Elements Not to Be Used ............................29
A.5. Example ...................................................29
A.6. IANA Registration Record ..................................30
Normative References ..............................................31
Informative References ............................................32
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 2]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010 1. Introduction The Presence Information Data Format Location Object (PIDF-LO) [RFC4119] is an object format for carrying geographical information on the Internet. PIDF-LO can contain civic address information and supports a range of "civic address types" (CAtypes) to hold the individual attributes of such addresses (see Section 2.2.1 of [RFC4119] and Section 3.1 of [RFC5139]). In many use cases, PIDF-LOs are populated with data from long- established sources, like postal and governmental building registers, line information databases and yellow/white pages of infrastructure providers, or official residents registers. The structure and format of data from such sources is almost always different from PIDF-LO's CAtypes definition -- additionally, the structure and format of those sources differ from country to country. To make use of such existing data sources, transposing that data into PIDF-LO format is required. With no guidelines available on how to map source Fields into CAtype Elements, different creators of PIDF-LO documents might end up with different results, even when using the same data source, which reduces interoperability and increases the risk of misinterpretation by recipients. Therefore, civic address considerations are necessary to ensure uniform usage of PIDF-LO Elements for such data sources. [RFC4776] explicitly requests such documents to be provided, but defines neither their structure nor a way to publish them. This memo provides documentation on how to create such civic address considerations, and IANA has created a registry to store references to such documents. Furthermore, civic address considerations for Austria are provided in Appendix A and have been registered in the IANA registry. Section 3.4 of [RFC4776] contains some example considerations regarding the use of administrative subdivision Elements for Canada, Germany, Japan, Korea, and the United States. This document registers these examples with IANA as "obsolete" (see Section 6.3). Section 3.4 of [RFC4776] also contains instructions on the creation of civic address considerations documents on page 8. This document updates that section and replaces said instructions with Sections 4 and 5 of this memo. The guidelines in this document have been created with a focus on formal application of PIDF-LO (such as conveying location during an emergency call). It is not intended to forbid other, more informal uses of PIDF-LO that may not follow any formal mapping Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 3]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
specifications. An example use case of such informal usage may be
the transmission of PIDF-LO documents during an instant-messaging
session between humans. Such use may, however, imply some drawbacks,
like prohibiting automatic processing of civic addresses from such a
PIDF-LO.
2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
In addition, this document uses "Field" to refer to a field of a
civic address data source, and "Element" to refer to a CAtype Element
of a PIDF-LO.
3. Requirements
The following requirements apply to defining civic-address mapping
considerations:
o The considerations document MUST identify the data source to which
the definitions apply. A brief description of its structure
SHOULD be provided as well.
o For any data source, just one active mapping definition should
exist in order to reduce the risk of ambiguous interpretation.
o The document MUST include instructions for any Field that occurs
in the data. For any of the Fields, the document MUST describe
whether the Field is required, optional, or must not be used in
the mapping procedure.
o Instructions MUST be included for any CAtype Element that is
registered by the time the document is created. Those
instructions MUST include information regarding whether an Element
is required, optional, or must not be used in that mapping. In
case the set of CAtypes is revised by the IETF, the address
considerations document SHOULD be updated. Until an update is
approved, the existing mapping procedure MUST be used.
o Address mapping procedures SHOULD be reversible so that location
recipients can identify the corresponding record in the original
data source (given they have access to that source).
o For any source data Field that is required or optional, at least
one example mapping MUST be provided.
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RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
o In many cases, data sources used in the mapping process might be
subject to access restrictions. Such restrictions (as imposed on
the original data) MUST also be imposed on the resulting PIDF-LO
documents. The considerations document SHOULD note such
restrictions in its Security Considerations section.
Although the mapping is defined in a national way and the actual
meaning of several PIDF-LO Elements may not be clear to an outsider,
at least the country Element tells in what context this PIDF-LO was
created. In case of emergency calls, a PIDF-LO would just be passed
to a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) in the same country as the
location generator anyway. However, in a border region there might
be exceptions and the PIDF-LO could be sent to a neighboring country.
The PIDF-LO can still be passed on to a PSAP in the right country
(based on the country Element), or the PSAP might be aware of the
mapping scheme used in the neighboring country.
A consistent mapping is also very important for checking if two PIDF-
LO documents describe the same location. When civic address Fields
are put into different PIDF-LO Elements, it may be difficult to
identify whether or not two PIDF-LOs describe identical addresses.
4. Specifying PIDF-LO Element Usage
The purpose of the civic address considerations for an individual
data source is to create interoperability by specifying a common list
of PIDF-LO Elements to be used and by defining the mapping between
these Elements and the Fields of the respective data source.
4.1. General Considerations and Workflow
The workflow for creating an address considerations document is as
follows:
1. Describe the data source to which the address considerations
document applies.
2. Identify all Fields from the data source and decide, for each of
the Fields, whether or not it is to be used for the purpose of
creating PIDF-LO documents. The considerations document must
list all Fields (or at least state which Fields are considered in
the mapping and clearly state that the other Fields MUST NOT be
used).
3. For each of the Fields that are required or optional, specify a
clear mapping instruction according to the guidelines below.
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RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
4. Provide a list of all CAtypes registered and describe their level
of usage in this mapping (or combine it with the list of Fields
above and clearly list which Elements are not used for the
mapping procedure). For Elements that are not described in
detail, state whether they MUST NOT be used at all or whether
they may be used without further restriction.
5. Provide examples of source data and mapping results.
Civic address Elements are designed to be generic containers. In
some cases, Fields clearly correspond to such a container; however,
in some other cases, identifying the correct container might require
some approximation. For example, in some countries the RD (road)
Element might also be appropriate for other thoroughfares, like
waterways or tunnels.
Fields that are identified to have the same meaning as one of the
CAtypes SHOULD be directly mapped to that CAtype Element.
Where CAtype usage diverges from the original specification, the
mapping definition of Fields that are mapped to that Element SHOULD
include a discussion of the differences.
Fields that do not fit into an existing CAtype:
Even though the list of CAtypes could be extended, it is not
feasible to add new Elements for every new Field in every data
source in every country. Therefore, unless new generic CAtypes
are specified by the IETF, only existing Elements can be used,
which leaves the following options:
1. Concatenate several civic address Fields into a single PIDF-LO
Element (define delimiters if applicable and make sure the
separate civic address parts can be retrieved again).
2. Use a PIDF-LO Element that is unused so far.
Note: Obviously, the first option is required if the number of
Fields that are used in the mapping procedure is greater than the
number of existing CAtype Elements.
Note that the xml:lang attribute should be present in PIDF-LO XML
[W3C.REC-xml-20060816] documents, according to RFC 5139.
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 6]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010 4.2. Guidelines for Individual Elements The following sections discuss individual PIDF-LO Elements and describe what to consider for each Element when defining civic address considerations. It is RECOMMENDED to follow a similar structure for considerations documents. 4.2.1. Country The country Element must hold the alpha-2 codes from ISO 3166-1 [ISO3166-1] in uppercase characters, as clarified in Section 3.3 of RFC 5139 [RFC5139]. This Element cannot be redefined on a national basis since it identifies the country itself. This Element is used to identify which national mapping for civic addresses has been used in a specific PIDF-LO. Example for Austria: <country>AT</country> 4.2.2. Country Subdivisions A1-A6 The Elements A1 to A6 are used to hold national subdivision identifiers, with A1 holding the top-level subdivision identifier. A1 may either contain the second part of ISO 3166-2 [ISO3166-2] (see Section 3.4 of RFC 5139 [RFC5139]) or other values as described in the particular address considerations document. Elements "A2" to "A6" may contain additional levels of subdivisions (see Section 2.2.1 of RFC 4119). For A1, an address considerations document MUST state whether ISO 3166-2 codes are to be used exclusively; alternatively, it should define a list of values to be used (for example, subdivision names). In either case, A1 MUST NOT be redefined for any other use than describing top-level subdivisions. For each of the A2 - A6 Elements that are required or optional, the document SHOULD define the set of allowed values, either by listing them or by referring to such a list. Example for Austria: A1 province (Bundesland) A2 political district (politischer Bezirk) name or identifier A3 commune (Gemeinde) name or identifier A4 village (Ortschaft) name or identifier A5 cadastral municipality (Katastralgemeinde) name or identifier Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 7]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
A6 must not be used. For more details, see the example in Appendix
A.4.2.
4.2.3. Road and Street Names
PIDF-LO contains the following Elements related to road names: RD,
RDSEC, RDBR, RDSUBADDR, PRM, POM (Sections 3.1 and 3.2 of RFC 5139
[RFC5139]) and PRD, POD, STS (Sections 3.4 of [RFC4776]). Note: the
use of the A6 Element for street names is not valid any more (Section
3.2 of RFC 5139 [RFC5139]).
Besides the basic specification of which of those Elements are
required, optional, or not to be used, an address considerations
document may also describe more complicated dependencies (for
example, "RD is optional, but required if any other road name Element
is used").
For any required or optional Element, the relation of those Elements
to Fields of the data source used MUST be described, as should
special considerations (like concatenation of Fields into an
Element), if they apply. The usage of the Element STS (street
suffix) SHOULD be consistent. In case no suffixes are known in a
data source, or it is common to write the street name and the suffix
together, the STS Element SHOULD be left out completely. If suffixes
may be abbreviated, the common abbreviations SHOULD be defined.
Example for Austria:
RD: street name
All other road Elements must not be used. Street suffixes are
already included in the "street name" Field and must not be
abbreviated.
4.2.4. House Numbers
PIDF-LO specifies two Elements related to house numbers: HNO ("house
number", numeric part only) and HNS ("house number suffix") (see
Section 3.4 of RFC 4776). However, in many countries house numbers
have a more complex format. In any case, a clear definition is
REQUIRED to minimize the potential for confusion.
An address considerations document should provide the following
information with regards to house numbers: if the structure of house
numbers fits the HNO/HNS structure, the document MUST mandate to use
those Elements as described in RFC 4776. If the structure of house
numbers does not directly fit into those two Elements, the document
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MUST define strategies on how to map source Fields into Elements.
Besides HNO and HNS, LOC and BLD could be considered for carrying
house number information.
The document SHOULD describe whether or not abbreviations of house
number information is valid. If abbreviations are used, they MUST be
clearly defined. If house numbers consist of more than one number,
or if multiple prefixes and suffixes may coexist, a delimiter symbol
and a clear rule on how to concatenate all this data into the HNO and
HNS Element might be necessary. Whenever concatenating data into one
Element, keep in mind that the location recipient might want to
separate the data again.
Example from Austria:
HNO: concatenate all the data Fields of Austrian house numbers into
this single PIDF-LO Element in a defined order with delimiter
symbols (see Appendix A.4.4 for the complete definition).
HNS: usage not allowed since there may be multiple suffixes for the
different parts of the house number.
LOC and BLD are not to be used to reflect house number information.
4.2.5. Local Names
PIDF-LO contains three Elements to reflect local names: LMK, LOC, and
NAM (Section 3.4 of RFC 4776). Such local names may be of importance
for the identification of a location and may either coexist with a
valid civic address or (in some cases) have no address assigned, in
which case the local name, itself, identifies the location. In rural
regions, for example, a farm name may be more common than a street
address to identify a location. Landmarks typically don't have any
civic address information assigned. Therefore, local names may
assist in finding a "street name" type address, but they might also
be the authoritative (and only) civic location information.
For any required or optional Element out of LMK, LOC, or NAM, the
considerations document should state potential values (source data)
for the Element. In the case that multiple values for an Element may
occur, a concatenation/selection strategy should be described.
Concatenation using ";" as a separator is recommended, unless this
character also appears in the source Fields.
If local name information and "common" address information is both
available and used, the document SHOULD discuss the relationship
between those two address information types and the expected behavior
of location recipients.
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Example from Austria:
NAM: contains the "Vulgoname" (local name); multiple local names are
separated by a semicolon (if applicable).
LMK: contains the farm name (just one name possible) (if applicable).
LOC: can be used without restriction for additional location
information (as per RFC 4119).
The "Vulgoname" is useful to identify the location within its
locality, since official addresses (especially in rural regions)
might not be well known.
4.2.6. Floors
PIDF-LO defines the Element FLR to hold floor information but does
not further specify its content. Section 2.1 of RFC 3825 provides
guidance about floor numbering but is not directly related to PIDF-
LO.
An address considerations document SHOULD clearly specify how to
express floors using the FLR Element. Following the above-mentioned
guidance is RECOMMENDED; however, local nomenclature might require a
completely different system. The document SHOULD specify whether
only numbers, text, or both are allowed in the FLR Element. If there
are standard values for certain floors, they SHOULD be listed.
Abbreviations SHOULD be avoided, unless they are the primary (well-
known) way of identifying floors.
Example from Austria:
If floor numbers are to be mapped, the FLR Element MUST be used.
Numbers and text are both allowed. The first floor (<FLR>1</FLR>) is
the first "full" floor above the floor at street level. The floor at
street level is <FLR>EG</FLR> or <FLR>0</FLR>. There might be
intermediate floors, especially between the floor at street level and
the "first floor". Such intermediate floors have names like
"Mezzanine", "Erster Halbstock" ("first half floor"), or "Zweiter
Halbstock" ("second half floor"), and have local meanings.
4.2.7. Address Codes
Address codes are available in several countries in different forms
(for estates, buildings, or usable units for example). These codes
identify an address record and MAY be placed in the ADDCODE Element
in PIDF-LO. Address codes can help the location recipient to
determine the location and to identify the original record in the
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 10]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
data source. Depending on the type of code, the code alone (without
any other Elements) may even be sufficient to fully identify an
address within a country.
In such cases, a PIDF-LO containing just the country and ADDCODE
Elements might provide enough information to retrieve a civic
address, given the location recipient has access to the respective
source database.
A civic address considerations document SHOULD specify whether and in
which applications the use of the ADDCODE Element is allowed. If
ADDCODE is used, its relation to the remaining Elements MUST be
clearly stated. If several namespaces for address codes exist in a
country, a mechanism to distinguish the different code spaces MUST be
described.
Examples from Austria:
Statistik Austria provides 4 codes: Adresscode (AdrCD), Adresssubcode
(AdrsubCD), Objektnummer (ObjNr), and Nutzungseinheitenlaufnummer
(NtzLnr).
The following format SHOULD be used:
<ADDCODE>AdrCD=1234567;AdrsubCD=123;
ObjNr=2333211;NtzLnr=0001</ADDCODE>
4.2.8. Other Elements
This section lists all PIDF-LO Elements that have not been discussed
so far.
To specify the location inside a building, the following Elements can
be useful:
o UNIT
o ROOM
o SEAT
The following Elements are to be used for the representation of
postal codes:
o PC
o PCN
o POBOX
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RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
To describe the place-type or the building, the following Elements
are available:
o PLC - Place-type (for allowed values, refer to the IANA registry
defined in [RFC4589])
o BLD - Building (structure)
For any of those Elements that are required or optional in a mapping,
the semantics of its contents must be described if it differs from
the definition in the PIDF-LO base documents.
It is RECOMMENDED that the Elements SEAT, UNIT, and ROOM remain to be
used for identifying a location inside a building. They MAY be used
by the owner of the respective building if a considerations document
does not restrict their use. For example, an airport could decide to
place the gate number in the UNIT Element and a location recipient
could identify that PIDF-LO by the value of the PLC Element. The
name of the airport could be placed in NAM.
5. Security Considerations
RFC 4119 contains general security considerations for handling PIDF-
LOs.
6. IANA Considerations
IANA has created the registry "PIDF-LO Civic Address Considerations
Registry", according to the following definitions. Furthermore, this
document registers a civic address considerations document for
Austrian addresses, as provided in the Appendix of this document, and
also registers the considerations of RFC 4776 as obsolete.
6.1. PIDF-LO Civic Address Considerations Registry
6.1.1. Structure
The IANA registry contains the following fields:
o Country-Code: either the ISO 3166 alpha-two code of the country to
which the consideration applies or "other" in case the
considerations document is not specific to a particular country.
This field is to be defined by the requestor.
o Serial Number: a number that uniquely identifies a considerations
document within a certain "Country-Code" field value. Serial
Numbers are sequentially assigned by IANA per Country-Code value,
start at zero, and are never reused.
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o Reference to specification: this field contains a reference to the
considerations document. The xref type "rfc" should be used for
referencing to RFCs, while other documents should use the "uri"
type.
o Requestor: the author of the document.
o Status: one of either "active" or "obsolete". When the document
is registered by IANA, the status is first set to "active" by
IANA. Experts may later request changing the status to
"obsolete", especially if there is an updated version of the
considerations document available. Authors of considerations
documents must contact the experts if they wish to change the
status of the document.
Note: the combination of Country-Code and Serial Number fields
uniquely identifies a considerations document in the registry (for
example, "AT-0", "US-0", "US-1", or "other-0").
6.1.2. Registration Template
For registration of address considerations documents in the registry,
requesters SHOULD use the following template. The template SHOULD be
contained in the considerations document itself.
<record>
<country> <!-- Country-Code --> </country>
<serial> <!-- assigned by IANA --> </serial>
<!-- reference to document -->
<xref type="uri" data="http://www.example.org/civicaddr/"/>
<!-- record requesters -->
<xref type="person" data="John_Doe"/>
<xref type="person" data="Jane_Dale"/>
<status> <!-- assigned by IANA --> </status>
</record>
<people>
<person id="John_Doe">
<name> <!-- Firstname Lastname --> </name>
<org> <!-- Organization Name --> </org>
<uri> <!-- mailto: or http: URI --> </uri>
<updated> <!-- date format YYYY-MM-DD --> </updated>
</person>
<!-- repeat person section for each person -->
</people>
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RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010 6.1.3. Registry Location Approved registrations are published in the IANA registry named "PIDF-LO Civic Address Considerations Registry", which is available from http://www.iana.org. Registrations are sorted by ascending order by the Country-Code and by Serial Number within Country-Code values. Registrations with Country-Code of "other" are put at the end of the list. 6.1.4. Registration Procedure Following the policies outlined in [RFC5226], new address considerations are added to the registry after Expert Review (see Section 4.1 in RFC 5226). The Expert will generally check if the submitted address considerations conform to the civic address guidelines in this document (see Section 4). If in doubt, the Expert SHOULD consult the GEOPRIV mailing list or its dedicated successor. If possible, the Experts SHOULD check the available documentation on which the address consideration is based. 6.2. Registration Request for Austria This document registers the civic address considerations for addresses from the official Austrian Building and Habitation registry, according to the registration procedure described above. The required information is contained in Appendix A. 6.3. Registration of the Considerations in RFC 4776 as Obsolete Since this document updates RFC 4776, the considerations on the subdivision Elements in Section 3.4 of RFC 4776 for Canada, Germany, Japan, Korea, and the United States are obsolete. The following IANA registration records register them in the IANA registry as obsolete. Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 14]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
Canada:
<record>
<country>CA</country>
<serial>0</serial>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4776"/>
<xref type="person" data="Henning_Schulzrinne"/>
<status>obsolete</status>
</record>
<people>
<person id="Henning_Schulzrinne">
<name>Henning Schulzrinne</name>
<org>Columbia University</org>
<uri>mailto:hgs+geopriv@cs.columbia.edu</uri>
<updated>2009-01-09</updated>
</person>
</people>
Germany:
<record>
<country>DE</country>
<serial>0</serial>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4776"/>
<xref type="person" data="Henning_Schulzrinne"/>
<status>obsolete</status>
</record>
<people>
<person id="Henning_Schulzrinne">
<name>Henning Schulzrinne</name>
<org>Columbia University</org>
<uri>mailto:hgs+geopriv@cs.columbia.edu</uri>
<updated>2009-01-09</updated>
</person>
</people>
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Japan:
<record>
<country>JP</country>
<serial>0</serial>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4776"/>
<xref type="person" data="Henning_Schulzrinne"/>
<status>obsolete</status>
</record>
<people>
<person id="Henning_Schulzrinne">
<name>Henning Schulzrinne</name>
<org>Columbia University</org>
<uri>mailto:hgs+geopriv@cs.columbia.edu</uri>
<updated>2009-01-09</updated>
</person>
</people>
Korea:
<record>
<country>KR</country>
<serial>0</serial>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4776"/>
<xref type="person" data="Henning_Schulzrinne"/>
<status>obsolete</status>
</record>
<people>
<person id="Henning_Schulzrinne">
<name>Henning Schulzrinne</name>
<org>Columbia University</org>
<uri>mailto:hgs+geopriv@cs.columbia.edu</uri>
<updated>2009-01-09</updated>
</person>
</people>
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RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
United States:
<record>
<country>US</country>
<serial>0</serial>
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc4776"/>
<xref type="person" data="Henning_Schulzrinne"/>
<status>obsolete</status>
</record>
<people>
<person id="Henning_Schulzrinne">
<name>Henning Schulzrinne</name>
<org>Columbia University</org>
<uri>mailto:hgs+geopriv@cs.columbia.edu</uri>
<updated>2009-01-09</updated>
</person>
</people>
7. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Martin Thomson and Richard Barnes for
reviewing the document, and Gregor Jaenin for contributing insights
into the Austrian civic address data format.
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 17]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
Appendix A. Civic Address Considerations Registration for the Austrian
Building and Habitation Registry
The Austrian "Gebaeude- und Wohnungsregistergesetz" (building and
habitation registry law) is the legal basis for the obligation to
provide a registry of civic addresses, buildings, and their usable
units (subdivisions of buildings). The registry is operated by
"Statistik Austria GmbH", a fully governmentally owned company. The
local administrations of individual townships are responsible for
keeping records in the registry up to date.
The data format definition for the individual records is publicly
available (data access itself is, however, restricted). Hence, a
uniform address database for the whole of Austria is available. A
detailed description of the Statistik Austria civic address data
format is contained in Appendix A.1.
A.1. Civic Address Format in Austria
Statistik Austria data describes estates, buildings, and usable units
[merkmalskatalog]. On a single estate there may be any number of
buildings. Apartment houses that have more than one staircase are
split up in separate buildings at every staircase. In every
building, there may be several usable units. For example, an
apartment house may have several apartments, counting as separate
usable units. Moreover, one building may have more than one address
but will have at least one address. Below, the address Fields for
estates (Table 1), buildings (Table 2), and usable units (Table 3)
are shown.
The ADDCODE, A5, and PCN Elements are optional, and the other
Elements MUST be used if the data source contains their corresponding
Fields. The Elements A1 and A2 (not listed in the tables) SHOULD
also be used if data is available. Exception: when using the address
codes only (access to the codes is necessary for the creator and
recipient of the location information), just the ADDCODE and country
Elements are mandatory; the other Elements can be used optionally, of
course.
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 18]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010 +-------------------------+-------------------------------+---------+ | Statistik Austria name | Explanation | PIDF-LO | | | | Element | +-------------------------+-------------------------------+---------+ | Adresscode | address identifier | ADDCODE | | | | | | Gemeindename, | commune name and identifier | A3 | | Gemeindekennziffer | | | | | | | | Ortschaftsname, | village name and identifier | A4 | | Ortschaftskennziffer | | | | | | | | Strassenname, | street name and identifier | RD | | Strassenkennziffer | | | | | | | | Katastralgemeindename, | cadastral municipality and | A5 | | Katastralgemeindenummer | identifier | | | | | | | Hausnummerntext | text in front of the house | HNO | | | number | | | | | | | Hausnummer - 1. Teil - | first part of the house | HNO | | Nummer | number, numeric | | | | | | | Hausnummer - 1. Teil - | first part of the house | HNO | | Buchstabe | number, character | | | | | | | Hausnummer - | links first and Bis part of | HNO | | Verbindungszeichen Teil | house number | | | 1 -> Bis | | | | | | | | Hausnummer - Bis-Nummer | number of Bis part of house | HNO | | | number | | | | | | | Hausnummer - | character of Bis part of | HNO | | Bis-Buchstabe | house number | | | | | | | Hausnummernbereich | indicates if all house | HNO | | | numbers specified or just odd | | | | or even numbers are stated | | | | | | | Postleitzahl | postal code | PC | | | | | | Postleitzahlengebiet | postal community code | PCN | | | | | Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 19]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
| Vulgoname | local name | NAM |
| | | |
| Hofname | farm name | LMK |
+-------------------------+-------------------------------+---------+
Table 1: Civic Address Fields for Estates
+------------------------+--------------------------------+---------+
| Statistik Austria name | Explanation | PIDF-LO |
| | | Element |
+------------------------+--------------------------------+---------+
| Adresssubcode | address subcode | ADDCODE |
| | | |
| Objektnummer | object code | ADDCODE |
| | | |
| Hausnummer - | links Bis and second part of | HNO |
| Verbindungszeichen | house number | |
| Teil Bis -> Teil 2 | | |
| | | |
| Hausnummer - 2. Teil | second part of the house | HNO |
| - Nummer | number, numeric | |
| | | |
| Hausnummer - 2. Teil | second part of the house | HNO |
| - Buchstabe | number, character | |
| | | |
| Hausnummer - | links second and third part of | HNO |
| Verbindungszeichen | house number | |
| Teil 2-> Teil 3 | | |
| | | |
| Hausnummer - 3. Teil | third part of the house | HNO |
| - Nummer | number, numeric | |
| | | |
| Hausnummer - 3. Teil | third part of the house | HNO |
| - Buchstabe | number, character | |
| | | |
| Gebaeudeunterscheidung | for differentiation of | HNO |
| | buildings, e.g. Maierweg 27 | |
| | Hotel vs. Maierweg 27 | |
| | Appartmenthaus | |
| | | |
+------------------------+--------------------------------+---------+
Table 2: Additional Civic Address Fields for Buildings
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 20]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
+-----------------------------+---------------------------+---------+
| Statistik Austria name | Explanation | PIDF-LO |
| | | Element |
+-----------------------------+---------------------------+---------+
| Nutzungseinheitenlaufnummer | usable unit code | ADDCODE |
| | | |
| Tuernummer | door number | HNO |
| | | |
| Topnummer | unit number | HNO |
| | | |
| Lagebeschreibung | for verbal description | HNO |
| | | |
| Lage | describes if the usable | FLR |
| | unit is in the basement, | |
| | mezzanine, attic floor, | |
| | ... (but not the floor | |
| | number) | |
| | | |
| Stockwerk | floor | FLR |
| | | |
+-----------------------------+---------------------------+---------+
Table 3: Additional Civic Address Fields for Usable Units
Note: "floors" in Austria (as in most parts of Europe) are counted
differently compared to the US. The "1st floor" in Austria is
actually the floor above the floor at street level (2nd floor in US)
-- not considering the fact that, in old buildings, there might be
even more floors between street level and 1st floor, like "mezzanine"
and "2nd mezzanine". So, an Austrian "1st floor" could well be the
"4th floor" according to US nomenclature.
According to Statistik Austria [adrwarten], 81.5% of Austrian
addresses are of the simple type Musterstrasse 1 (Musterstrasse is an
example street name). 5% of all addresses have an additional
character, like Musterstrasse 1b. 1% of Austrian addresses look like
Musterstrasse 21A - 23A. For 8% of addresses, an additional
separator is necessary -- like Musterstrasse 10 Haus 1 Stiege 2, or
Musterstrasse 20 Gruppe A Reihe 1 Parzelle 13, or Musterstrasse 30
Weg 1 Parzelle 10. Very seldom, there are so-called special
addresses (0.03%) -- for example, Musterstrasse gegenueber 3A,
meaning this address is actually opposite of house number 3A. Rather
surprisingly, 4.47% of Austrian addresses contain the identifier of
the estate since no house number is assigned at all -- for example,
Musterstrasse GNR 1234, or Musterstrasse GNR .12/4 Kirche (this type
of addresses is common for churches), or a real example in Stockerau:
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 21]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
Kolomaniwoerth GNR 1583. This identifier is stored by Statistik
Austria as Hausnummerntext. Otherwise, one could misinterpret this
number as a house number, which would be definitely wrong.
A.2. Sample Addresses
In order to clarify the Austrian civic address format, this section
provides some exemplary addresses:
1234 Musterstadt, Hauptstrasse 1a - 5a Block 1b Haus 2c Stiege 1
Postleitzahl: 1234
Stadt: Musterstadt
Strasse: Hauptstrasse
Hausnummer - 1. Teil - Nummer: 1
Hausnummer - 1. Teil - Buchstabe: a
Hausnummer - Verbindungszeichen Teil 1 -> Bis: -
Hausnummer - 2. Teil - Nummer: 5
Hausnummer - 2. Teil - Buchstabe: a
Hausnummer - Verbindungszeichen Teil Bis -> Teil 2: Block
Hausnummer - 2. Teil - Nummer: 1
Hausnummer - 2. Teil - Buchstabe: b
Hausnummer - Verbindungszeichen Teil 2-> Teil 3: Haus
Hausnummer - 3. Teil - Nummer: 2
Hausnummer - 3. Teil - Buchstabe: c
Gebaeudeunterscheidung: Stiege 1
1234 Musterstadt, Musterstrasse 13 Hotel
Postleitzahl: 1234
Stadt: Musterstadt
Strasse: Musterstrasse
Hausnummer - 1. Teil - Nummer: 13
Gebaeudeunterscheidung: Hotel
6020 Innsbruck, Anichstrasse vor 35
Postleitzahl: 6020
Stadt: Innsbruck
Strasse: Anichstrasse
Hausnummerntext: vor ("in front of")
Hausnummer: 35
6173 Oberperfuss, Riedl 3097 (Pfarrkirche)
Postleitzahl: 6173
Stadt: Oberperfuss
Strasse: Riedl
Hausnummerntext: 3097
(since the estate identifier is 81305 3097, where 81305 is the
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 22]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010 Katastralgemeindenummer (cadastral municipality), and no house number is assigned) Vulgoname: Pfarrkirche A.3. Address Codes in Austria Statistik Austria registers 4 codes: Adresscode, Adresssubcode, Objektnummer, and the Nutzungseinheitenlaufnummer. The Adresscode (7 digits) is a unique code for an address in Austria. The Adressregister maps the Adresscode to the civic address. If there is a building located at an address, there is also an Adresssubcode (3 digits) assigned. Every building at an address has its own Adresssubcode (assigned sequentially starting with 001, 002, 003, and so on) in order to distinguish between buildings at the same address. Furthermore, every building located in Austria has its own unique code, the Objektnummer (7 digits). This code identifies the building independent of the Adresscode. That's because addresses are subject to change while the building may persist. To differentiate multiple usable units inside a building, the Nutzungseinheitenlaufnummer (4 digits) is used. This code is also assigned in sequential order for each building. Besides, every address and building is geocoded by Statistik Austria. Hence, if every PIDF-LO would carry data in the format of Statistik Austria and if every PSAP would use the database of Statistik Austria for mapping, a time-saving, definite mapping without irregularities could be achieved. Besides these codes, Statistik Austria maintains reference numbers for communes, localities, or streets, to mention just a few. A.4. Austrian Addresses in PIDF-LO The following subsections define the mapping procedure. A.4.1. Country The country Element for Austria must be set to AT, since this is the ISO 3166-1 [ISO3166-1] alpha-2 code for Austria. <country>AT</country> The usage of the ISO 3166 code is demanded by RFC 4119 [RFC4119], and RFC 5139 [RFC5139] proposes to use uppercase characters only. Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 23]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
A.4.2. Country Subdivisions A1-A6
A1 province (Bundesland), Section A.4.2.1
A2 political district name or identifier (politischer Bezirk),
Section A.4.2.2
A3 commune name or identifier (Gemeinde), Section A.4.2.3
A4 village name or identifier (Ortschaft), Section A.4.2.4
A5 cadastral municipality name or identifier (Katastralgemeindename
or Katastralgemeindenummer), Section A.4.2.5
Element A6 must not be used.
Last, there is an exception to mention that concerns the Austrian
capital, Vienna (Wien). The city of Vienna is equal to its political
district and even the province is called Vienna. Nevertheless,
Vienna is separated in 23 districts within the same political
district. Consequently, an address in Vienna would look like:
<country>AT</country>
<A1>Wien</A1>
<A2>Wien</A2>
<A3>Wien</A3>
<A4>Favoriten</A4> or <A4>10<A4>
<A5>Inzersdorf Stadt<A5>
The Element A4, holding the city division, can hold the name or the
number of the district.
A.4.2.1. A1 Element
As proposed in RFC 5139 [RFC5139], for the PIDF-LO Element A1, the
second part of ISO 3166-2 [ISO3166-2] can be used. However, in
Austria it is also common to write out the names of the states.
Table 4 shows the possible values of the A1 Element for Austrian
states.
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 24]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
+------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Bundesland | second part of ISO 3166-2 code |
+------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Burgenland | 1 |
| | |
| K=U+00E4rnten | 2 |
| | |
| Nieder=U+00F6sterreich | 3 |
| | |
| Ober=U+00F6sterreich | 4 |
| | |
| Salzburg | 5 |
| | |
| Steiermark | 6 |
| | |
| Tirol | 7 |
| | |
| Vorarlberg | 8 |
| | |
| Wien | 9 |
+------------------------+--------------------------------+
Table 4: A1 Element Format for Austria
(Note: values are shown in UTF-8, which is recommended to be used for
PIDF-LO.)
A.4.2.2. A2 Element
Names of the Austrian political districts are available at Statistik
Austria [bezirke]. These names, the unique code for the political
district, or both can be used for the A2 Element. If the content of
the A2 Element is numeric, obviously the code is provided (there is
no political district in Austria with a number in its name). In case
both the name and the code are provided, they are separated by a
semicolon and the name must be listed first.
The district of "Bruck an der Leitha" could be represented by:
<A2>Bruck an der Leitha<A2>
or
<A2>307</A2>
or
<A2>Bruck an der Leitha;307</A2>
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 25]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010 A.4.2.3. A3 Element The Element A3 holds the Gemeindename (commune name), the identifier of the Gemeinde, or both separated by a semicolon (the name must be listed first). If the content of the A3 Element consists of a number only, it is obvious that just the identifier is provided. Statistik Austria maintains a table with the Gemeindenamen and identifiers [gemeinden], which must be used as the content for the A3 Element; no other spelling is allowed. Sample: <A3>Neusiedl am See</A3> or <A3>10713</A3> or <A3>Neusiedl am See;10713</A3> A.4.2.4. A4 Element The Element A4 holds the Ortschaftsname (village name), the Ortschaftskennziffer (the identifier), or both separated by a semicolon (the name must be listed first). If the content of the A4 Element consists of a number only, it is obvious that just the identifier is provided, since there are no Ortschaftsnamen in Austria that contain a number. Statistik Austria maintains a table with the Ortschaftsnamen and identifiers [ortschaften], which must be used as the content for the A4 Element; no other spelling is allowed. Sample: <A4>Wilfleinsdorf</A4> or <A4>03448</A4> or <A4>Wilfleinsdorf;03448</A4> A.4.2.5. A5 Element The Element A5 holds the Katastralgemeindename (cadastral municipality), the Katastralgemeindenummer (the identifier), or both separated by a semicolon (the name must be listed first). If the Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 26]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010 content of the A5 Element consists of a number only, it is obvious that just the identifier is provided, since there are no Katastralgemeindenamen in Austria that contain a number. Sample (Vienna, Fuenfhaus): <A5>Oberbaumgarten</A5> or <A5>1208</A5> or <A5>Oberbaumgarten;1208</A5> A.4.3. Road and Street Names The PIDF-LO Element RD holds the complete street name, including the street suffix. No abbreviations are allowed. No other Elements are needed for streets and must not be used. A.4.4. House Numbers Statistik Austria lists 14 data Fields related to the house number of a building plus another 5 Fields for distinction of different usable units inside a building (including the floor, which has a separate Element in PIDF-LO). Unfortunately, PIDF-LO only defines a single house number Element (HNO, numeric part only) and house number suffix Element (HNS). Therefore, this section defines a mapping in order to accommodate all data: all house number data is concatenated into a single HNO Element, even though it is expected to hold numeric part only. In order to allow automatic procession of the HNO Element, it is necessary to use a semicolon as a delimiter symbol (Austrian house numbers do not contain semicolons). The house number parts MUST be provided in the order in which they are listed by the Statistik Austria document [merkmalskatalog]. For user-interface representation, the semicolon-separated format can be transformed by replacing semicolons by spaces (multiple spaces should be combined) and no space should be present between a numeric part of a house number and its related character. It is not allowed to use the HNS Element for Austrian addresses, since there are addresses that do not have just a single suffix. Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 27]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
The house number "vor 1 - 1A" (consisting of a house number text
"vor", first part of the house number numeric "1", "-" as the link of
the first and Bis part, "1" as house number Bis part numeric, "A" as
character of the Bis part) would be mapped to:
<HNO>vor;1;;-;1;A;;;;;;;;;;;</HNO>
A.4.5. Local Names
NAM: contains the Vulgoname (local name); multiple local names are
separated by a semicolon (if applicable).
LMK: contains the farm name (just one name possible) (if applicable).
LOC: can be used without restriction for additional location
information (as per RFC 4119).
A.4.6. Floors
The floor Element may contain numbers or text describing the floor.
The first floor (<FLR>1</FLR>) is the floor above the floor at street
level. The floor at street level is <FLR>EG</FLR> or <FLR>0</FLR>.
Other floors may have names like mezzanine, for example. The
Statistik Austria data Fields Lage and Stockwerk are concatenated if
necessary.
A.4.7. Additional Code Element
The Element additional code may be used to hold the codes provided by
Statistik Austria. There is an Adresscode, Adresssubcode,
Objektnummer, and a Nutzungseinheitenlaufnummer. These unique codes
identify the location. Actually, these codes alone would be enough
but require that the location recipient has access to the database of
Statistik Austria.
If the additional code in a PIDF-LO document is going to hold the
codes from Statistik Austria, the following format should be used:
<ADDCODE>AdrCD=1234567;AdrsubCD=123;
ObjNr=2333211;NtzLnr=0001</ADDCODE>
It is not necessary to provide all codes, but there are some
restrictions: the Adresssubcode cannot be used without an Adresscode.
More restrictions are defined by Statistik Austria. By setting the
country Element to AT (see Section 4.2.1), indicating an Austrian
address, the Additional Code Element is expected to hold codes from
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 28]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010 Statistik Austria only. When creating PIDF-LO documents using address codes by Statistik Austria, the country and ADDCODE Elements are mandatory. A.4.8. Other Elements The Elements PC and PCN can hold the data form Statistik Austria, the POBOX can be used if the post assigned a post office box. At least the PC Element should be present. PC: Postleitzahl (postal code) PCN: Postleitzahlengebiet (postal community name) POBOX: Postfach The Elements UNIT, ROOM, SEAT, PLC, and BLD may be used without further restriction. A.4.9. Elements Not to Be Used A6 STS HNS PRD POD RDBR RDSUBBR PRM POM A.5. Example This section shows an example mapping of an Austrian address to PIDF-LO. Address: Bundesland: Wien Politischer Bezirk: Wien Gemeindename: Wien 9. Bezirk Strasse: Lazarettgasse Hausnummer - 1. Teil - Nummer: 13 Hausnummer - 1. Teil - Buchstabe: A Hausnummer - Verbindungszeichen Teil 1-Bis: - Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 29]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
Hausnummer - Bis-Nummer: 13
Hausnummer - Bis-Buchstabe: C
Postleitzahl: 1090
PIDF-LO:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<presence xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
xmlns:gp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:geopriv10"
xmlns:cl="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:geopriv10:civicAddr"
entity="pres:123@examplehost">
<tuple id="abcd123456">
<status>
<gp:geopriv>
<gp:location-info>
<cl:civicAddress xml:lang="de">
<cl:country>AT</cl:country>
<cl:A1>Wien</cl:A1>
<cl:A2>Wien</cl:A2>
<cl:A3>Wien</cl:A3>
<cl:A4>9</cl:A4>
<cl:RD>Lazarettgasse</cl:RD>
<cl:HNO>;13;A;-;13;C;;;;;;;;;;;;</cl:HNO>
<cl:PC>1090</cl:PC>
</cl:civicAddress>
</gp:location-info>
<gp:usage-rules>
<gp:retransmission-allowed>yes</gp:retransmission-allowed>
<gp:retention-expiry>2009-11-10T12:00:00Z</gp:retention-expiry>
</gp:usage-rules>
</gp:geopriv>
</status>
<timestamp>2009-02-09T12:00:00Z</timestamp>
</tuple>
</presence>
A.6. IANA Registration Record
<record>
<country>AT</country>
<serial>0</serial>
<!-- reference to document -->
<xref type="rfc" data="rfc5774"/>
<!-- record requesters -->
<xref type="person" data="Alexander_Mayrhofer"/>
<xref type="person" data="Karl_Heinz_Wolf"/>
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 30]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
<status>active</status>
</record>
<people>
<person id="Alexander_Mayrhofer">
<name>Alexander Mayrhofer</name>
<org>nic.at GmbH</org>
<uri>mailto:alexander.mayrhofer@nic.at</uri>
<updated>2009-01-09</updated>
</person>
<person id="Karl_Heinz_Wolf">
<name>Karl Heinz Wolf</name>
<org>nic.at GmbH</org>
<uri>mailto:karlheinz.wolf@nic.at</uri>
<updated>2009-01-09</updated>
</person>
</people>
Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC4119] Peterson, J., "A Presence-based GEOPRIV Location Object
Format", RFC 4119, December 2005.
[RFC4589] Schulzrinne, H. and H. Tschofenig, "Location Types
Registry", RFC 4589, July 2006.
[RFC4776] Schulzrinne, H., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCPv4 and DHCPv6) Option for Civic Addresses
Configuration Information", RFC 4776, November 2006.
[RFC5139] Thomson, M. and J. Winterbottom, "Revised Civic
Location Format for Presence Information Data Format
Location Object (PIDF-LO)", RFC 5139, February 2008.
[RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing
an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC
5226, May 2008.
[W3C.REC-xml-20060816]
W3C, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth
Edition)", Recommendation REC-xml-20060816, August
2006, <http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816>.
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 31]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010
Informative References
[adrwarten] Statistik Austria, "Handbuch Adress-GWR-Online Teil A
Theoretisches Handbuch Kapitel 2 Warten von Adressen im
Adress-GWR-Online", Jan 2005.
[merkmalskatalog]
Statistik Austria, "Handbuch Adress-GWR-Online Teil C
Anhang 2 Merkmalskatalog", Sept 2004.
[ISO3166-1] International Organization for Standardization, "Codes
for the representation of names of countries and their
subdivisions - Part 1: Country codes", ISO Standard
3166-1:1997, 1997.
[ISO3166-2] International Organization for Standardization, "Codes
for the representation of names of countries and their
subdivisions - Part 2: Country subdivision code", ISO
Standard 3166-2:1998, 1998.
[bezirke] Statistik Austria, "Politische Bezirke, Gebietsstand
2008", Feb 2008.
[gemeinden] Statistik Austria, "Gemeindeliste sortiert nach
Gemeindekennziffer, Gebietsstand 2008", Feb 2008.
[ortschaften] Statistik Austria, "Gemeinden mit Ortschaften und
Postleitzahlen, Gebietsstand 2008", Feb 2008.
Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 32]
RFC 5774 Civic Address Considerations March 2010 Authors' Addresses Karl Heinz Wolf nic.at GmbH Karlsplatz 1/2/9 Wien A-1010 Austria Phone: +43 1 5056416 37 EMail: karlheinz.wolf@nic.at URI: http://www.nic.at/ Alexander Mayrhofer nic.at GmbH Karlsplatz 1/2/9 Wien A-1010 Austria Phone: +43 1 5056416 34 EMail: alexander.mayrhofer@nic.at URI: http://www.nic.at/ Wolf & Mayrhofer Best Current Practice [Page 33]