<- RFC Index (5401..5500)
RFC 5444
Updated by RFC 7631, RFC 8245
Network Working Group T. Clausen
Request for Comments: 5444 LIX, Ecole Polytechnique
Category: Standards Track C. Dearlove
BAE Systems ATC
J. Dean
Naval Research Laboratory
C. Adjih
INRIA Rocquencourt
February 2009
Generalized Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Packet/Message Format
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document.
Abstract
This document specifies a packet format capable of carrying multiple
messages that may be used by mobile ad hoc network routing protocols.
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 1]
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................3
2. Notation and Terminology ........................................4
2.1. Notation ...................................................4
2.1.1. Elements ............................................4
2.1.2. Variables ...........................................5
2.2. Terminology ................................................5
3. Applicability Statement .........................................6
4. Protocol Overview and Functioning ...............................7
5. Syntactical Specification .......................................7
5.1. Packets ....................................................8
5.2. Messages ...................................................9
5.3. Address Blocks ............................................11
5.4. TLVs and TLV Blocks .......................................14
5.4.1. TLVs ...............................................14
5.4.2. TLV Usage ..........................................17
5.5. Malformed Elements ........................................18
6. IANA Considerations ............................................18
6.1. Expert Review: Evaluation Guidelines ......................18
6.2. Message Types .............................................20
6.2.1. Message-Type-Specific TLV Registry Creation ........20
6.3. Packet TLV Types ..........................................21
6.3.1. Packet TLV Type Extension Registry Creation ........21
6.4. Message TLV Types .........................................21
6.4.1. Message TLV Type Extension Registry Creation .......22
6.5. Address Block TLV Types ...................................22
6.5.1. Address Block TLV Type Extension Registry
Creation ...........................................23
7. Security Considerations ........................................23
7.1. Authentication and Integrity Suggestions ..................23
7.2. Confidentiality Suggestions ...............................24
8. Contributors ...................................................25
9. Acknowledgments ................................................25
10. References ....................................................26
10.1. Normative References .....................................26
10.2. Informative References ...................................27
Appendix A. Multiplexing and Demultiplexing .......................28
Appendix B. Intended Usage ........................................28
Appendix C. Examples ..............................................30
C.1. Address Block Examples ....................................30
C.2. TLV Examples ..............................................32
Appendix D. Illustrations .........................................34
D.1. Packet ....................................................34
D.2. Message ...................................................38
D.3. Message Body ..............................................44
D.4. Address Block .............................................45
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D.5. TLV Block .................................................52
D.6. TLV .......................................................53
Appendix E. Complete Example ......................................57
1. Introduction
This document specifies the syntax of a packet format designed for
carrying multiple routing protocol messages for information exchange
between MANET (Mobile Ad hoc NETwork) routers. Messages consist of a
Message Header, which is designed for control of message
dissemination, and a Message Body, which contains protocol
information. Only the syntax of the packet and messages is
specified.
This document specifies:
o A packet format, allowing zero or more messages to be contained
within a single transmission. A packet with zero messages may be
sent in case the only information to exchange is contained in the
Packet Header.
o A message format, where a message is composed of a Message Header
and a Message Body.
o A Message Header format, which contains information that may be
sufficient to allow a protocol using this specification to make
processing and forwarding decisions.
o A Message Body format, containing attributes associated with the
message or the originator of the message, as well as blocks of
addresses, or address prefixes, with associated attributes.
o An Address Block format, where an Address Block represents sets of
addresses, or address prefixes, in a compact form with aggregated
addresses.
o A generalized type-length-value (TLV) format representing
attributes. Each TLV can be associated with a packet, a message,
or one or more addresses or address prefixes in a single Address
Block. Multiple TLVs can be included, each associated with a
packet, a message, and the same, different, or overlapping sets of
addresses or address prefixes.
The specification has been explicitly designed with the following
properties, listed in no particular order, in mind:
Parsing logic - The notation used in this specification facilitates
generic, protocol-independent parsing logic.
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Extensibility - Packets and messages defined by a protocol using
this specification are extensible by defining new messages and new
TLVs. Protocols using this specification will be able to
correctly identify and skip such new messages and TLVs, while
correctly parsing the remainder of the packet and message.
Efficiency - When reported addresses share common bit sequences
(e.g., address prefixes or IPv6 interface identifiers), the
Address Block representation allows for a compact representation.
Compact Message Headers are ensured through permitting inclusion
of only required Message Header elements. The multi-message
packet structure allows a reduction in the number of transmitted
octets and in the number of transmitted packets. The structure of
packet and message encoding allows parsing, verifying, and
identifying individual elements in a single pass.
Separation of forwarding and processing - A protocol using this
specification can be designed such that duplicate detection and
controlled-scope message forwarding decisions can be made using
information contained in the Message Header, without processing
the Message Body.
2. Notation and Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
[RFC2119].
Additionally, this document uses the notation in Section 2.1 and the
terminology in Section 2.2.
2.1. Notation
The following notations, for elements and variables, are used in this
document.
This format uses network byte order (most significant octet first)
for all fields. The most significant bit in an octet is numbered bit
0, and the least significant bit of an octet is numbered bit 7
[Stevens].
2.1.1. Elements
This specification defines elements. An element is a group of any
number of consecutive bits that together form a syntactic entity
represented using the notation <element>. Each element in this
document is defined as either:
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o a specifically sized field of bits OR
o a composite element, composed of other <element>s.
A composite element is defined as follows:
<element> := specification
where, on the right hand side following :=, specification is
represented using the regular expression syntax defined in
[SingleUNIX]. Only the following notation is used:
<element1><element2> - Indicates that <element1> is immediately
followed by <element2>.
(<element1><element2>) - Indicates a grouping of the elements
enclosed by the parentheses.
? - Zero or one occurrences of the preceding element or group.
* - Zero or more occurrences of the preceding element or group.
2.1.2. Variables
Variables are introduced into the specification solely as a means to
clarify the description. The following two notations are used:
<foo> - If <foo> is an unsigned integer field, then <foo> is also
used to represent the value of that field.
bar - A variable, usually obtained through calculations based on the
value(s) of element(s).
2.2. Terminology
This document uses the following terminology:
Packet - The top level entity in this specification. A packet
contains a Packet Header and zero or more messages.
Message - The fundamental entity carrying protocol information, in
the form of address objects and TLVs.
Address - A number of octets that make up an address of the length
indicated by the encapsulating Message Header. The meaning of an
address is defined by the protocol using this specification.
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Address Prefix - An address plus a prefix length, with the prefix
length being a number of address bits measured from the left/most
significant end of the address.
Address Object - Either an address, or an address prefix, as
specified in an Address Block in this specification.
TLV - A type-length-value structure. This is a generic way in which
an attribute can be represented and correctly parsed without the
parser having to understand the attribute.
3. Applicability Statement
This specification describes a generic packet format, designed for
use by MANET routing protocols. The specification has been inspired
by and extended from that used by the OLSR (Optimized Link State
Routing) protocol [RFC3626].
MANETs are, commonly though not exclusively, characterized as being
able to run over wireless network interfaces of limited to moderate
capacity. MANETs are therefore less tolerant of wasted transmitted
octets than are most wired networks. This specification thus
represents a tradeoff between sometimes competing attributes,
specifically efficiency, extensibility, and ease of use.
Efficiency is supported by reducing packet size and by allowing
multiple disjoint messages in a single packet. Reduced packet size
is primarily supported by address aggregation, optional Packet Header
and Message Header fields, and optional fields in Address Blocks and
TLVs. Supporting multi-message packets allows a reduction in the
number of packets, each of which can incur significant bandwidth
costs from transport, network, and lower layers.
This specification provides both external and internal extensibility.
External extensibility is supported by the ability to add Packet TLVs
and to define new Message Types. Internal extensibility is supported
by the ability to add Message TLVs and Address Block TLVs to existing
messages. Protocols can define new TLV Types, and hence the contents
of their Value fields, and new Message Types (see Section 6.1).
Protocols can also reuse TLV Type definitions from other protocols
that also use this specification.
This specification aims at being sufficiently expressive and flexible
to be able to accommodate different classes of MANET routing
protocols (e.g., proactive, reactive, and hybrid routing protocols)
as well as extensions thereto. Having a common packet and message
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format, and a common way of representing IP addresses and associated
attributes, allows generic parsing code to be developed, regardless
of the algorithm used by the routing protocol.
All addresses within a message are assumed to be of the same size,
specified in the Message Header. In the case of mixed IPv6 and IPv4
addresses, IPv4 addresses can be represented as IPv4-mapped IPv6
addresses as specified in [RFC4291].
The messages defined by this specification are designed to carry
MANET routing protocol signaling between MANET routers. This
specification includes elements that can support scope-limited
flooding, as well as being usable for point-to-point delivery of
MANET routing protocol signaling in a multi-hop network. Packets may
be unicast or multicast and may use any appropriate transport
protocol or none.
A MANET routing protocol using the message format defined by this
specification can constrain the syntax (for example, requiring a
specific set of Message Header fields) that the protocol will employ.
Protocols with such restrictions need not be able to parse all
possible message structures as defined by this document but must be
coherent in message generation and reception of messages that they
define. If a protocol specifies which elements are included, then
direct indexing of the appropriate fields is possible, dependent on
the syntax restrictions imposed by the protocol. Such protocols may
have more limited extensibility.
4. Protocol Overview and Functioning
This specification does not describe a protocol. It describes a
packet format, which may be used by any mobile ad hoc network routing
protocol.
5. Syntactical Specification
This section normatively provides the syntactical specification of a
packet, represented by the element <packet> and the elements from
which it is composed. The specification is given using the notation
in Section 2.1.
Graphical illustrations of the layout of specified elements are given
in Appendix D, a graphical illustration of a complete example (a
packet including a message with Address Blocks and TLVs) is given in
Appendix E.
This format uses network byte order, as indicated in Section 2.1.
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5.1. Packets
<packet> is defined by:
<packet> := <pkt-header>
<message>*
where <message> is as defined in Section 5.2. Successful parsing is
terminated when all octets of the packet (as defined by the datagram
containing the packet) are used.
<pkt-header> is defined by:
<pkt-header> := <version>
<pkt-flags>
<pkt-seq-num>?
<tlv-block>?
where:
<version> is a 4-bit unsigned integer field and specifies the
version of the specification on which the packet and the contained
messages are constructed. This document specifies version 0.
<pkt-flags> is a 4-bit field, specifying the interpretation of the
remainder of the Packet Header:
bit 0 (phasseqnum): If cleared ('0'), then <pkt-seq-num> is not
included in the <pkt-header>. If set ('1'), then <pkt-seq-num>
is included in the <pkt-header>.
bit 1 (phastlv): If cleared ('0'), then <tlv-block> is not
included in the <pkt-header>. If set ('1'), then <tlv-block>
is included in the <pkt-header>.
bits 2-3: Are RESERVED and SHOULD each be cleared ('0') on
transmission and SHOULD be ignored on reception.
<pkt-seq-num> is omitted if the phasseqnum flag is cleared ('0');
otherwise, is a 16-bit unsigned integer field, specifying a Packet
Sequence Number.
<tlv-block> is omitted if the phastlv flag is cleared ('0') and is
otherwise as defined in Section 5.4.
It is assumed that the network layer is able to deliver the exact
payload length, thus avoiding having to carry the packet length in
the packet.
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5.2. Messages
Packets may, in addition to the Packet Header, contain one or more
messages. Messages contain:
o A Message Header.
o A Message TLV Block that contains zero or more TLVs, associated
with the whole message.
o Zero or more Address Blocks, each containing one or more address
objects.
o An Address Block TLV Block, containing zero or more TLVs and
following each Address Block, through which addresses can be
associated with additional attributes.
<message> is defined by:
<message> := <msg-header>
<tlv-block>
(<addr-block><tlv-block>)*
<msg-header> := <msg-type>
<msg-flags>
<msg-addr-length>
<msg-size>
<msg-orig-addr>?
<msg-hop-limit>?
<msg-hop-count>?
<msg-seq-num>?
where:
<tlv-block> is as defined in Section 5.4.
<addr-block> is as defined in Section 5.3.
<msg-type> is an 8-bit unsigned integer field, specifying the type
of the message.
<msg-flags> is a 4-bit field, specifying the interpretation of the
remainder of the Message Header:
bit 0 (mhasorig): If cleared ('0'), then <msg-orig-addr> is not
included in the <msg-header>. If set ('1'), then <msg-orig-
addr> is included in the <msg-header>.
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bit 1 (mhashoplimit): If cleared ('0'), then <msg-hop-limit> is
not included in the <msg-header>. If set ('1'), then <msg-hop-
limit> is included in the <msg-header>.
bit 2 (mhashopcount): If cleared ('0'), then <msg-hop-count> is
not included in the <msg-header>. If set ('1'), then <msg-hop-
count> is included in the <msg-header>.
bit 3 (mhasseqnum): If cleared ('0'), then <msg-seq-num> is not
included in the <msg-header>. If set ('1'), then <msg-seq-num>
is included in the <msg-header>.
<msg-addr-length> is a 4-bit unsigned integer field, encoding the
length of all addresses included in this message (<msg-orig-addr>
as well as each address included in Address Blocks as defined in
Section 5.3), as follows:
<msg-addr-length> = the length of an address in octets - 1
<msg-addr-length> is thus 3 for IPv4 addresses, or 15 for IPv6
addresses.
address-length is a variable whose value is the length of an address
in octets and is calculated as follows:
address-length = <msg-addr-length> + 1
<msg-size> is a 16-bit unsigned integer field, specifying the number
of octets that make up the <message>, including the <msg-header>.
<msg-orig-addr> is omitted if the mhasorig flag is cleared ('0');
otherwise, is an identifier with length equal to address-length
that can serve to uniquely identify the MANET router that
originated the message.
<msg-hop-limit> is omitted if the mhashoplimit flag is cleared
('0'); otherwise, is an 8-bit unsigned integer field that can
contain the maximum number of hops that the message should be
further transmitted.
<msg-hop-count> is omitted if the mhashopcount flag is cleared
('0'); otherwise, is an 8-bit unsigned integer field that can
contain the number of hops that the message has traveled.
<msg-seq-num> is omitted if the mhasseqnum flag is cleared ('0');
otherwise, is a 16-bit unsigned integer field that can contain a
sequence number, generated by the message's originator MANET
router.
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5.3. Address Blocks
An Address Block can specify one or more addresses, all of which will
be address-length octets long, as specified using the <msg-addr-
length> in the <msg-header> of the message containing the Address
Block. An Address Block can also specify prefix lengths that can be
applied to all addresses in the Address Block, if appropriate. This
allows an Address Block to specify either addresses or address
prefixes. A protocol may specify that an address with a maximum
prefix length (equal to the address length in bits, i.e., 8 *
address-length) is considered to be an address, rather than an
address prefix, thus allowing an Address Block to contain a mixture
of addresses and address prefixes. The common term "address object"
is used in this specification to cover both of these; note that an
address object in an Address Block always includes the prefix length,
if present.
An address is specified as a sequence of address-length octets of the
form Head:Mid:Tail. There are no semantics associated with Head,
Mid, or Tail; this representation is solely to allow aggregation of
addresses, which often have common parts (e.g., common prefixes or
multiple IPv6 addresses on the same interface). An Address Block
contains an ordered set of addresses all sharing the same Head and
the same Tail, but having individual Mids. Independently, Head and
Tail may be empty, allowing for representation of address objects
that do not have common Heads or common Tails. Detailed examples of
Address Blocks are included in Appendix C.1.
An Address Block can specify address prefixes:
o with a single prefix length for all address prefixes OR
o with a prefix length for each address prefix.
<address-block> is defined by:
<address-block> := <num-addr>
<addr-flags>
(<head-length><head>?)?
(<tail-length><tail>?)?
<mid>*
<prefix-length>*
where:
<num-addr> is an 8-bit unsigned integer field containing the number
of addresses represented in the Address Block, which MUST NOT be
zero.
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<addr-flags> is an 8-bit field specifying the interpretation of the
remainder of the Address Block:
bit 0 (ahashead): If cleared ('0'), then <head-length> and <head>
are not included in the <address-block>. If set ('1'), then
<head-length> is included in the <address-block>, and <head> is
included in the <address-block> unless <head-length> is zero.
bit 1 (ahasfulltail) and bit 2 (ahaszerotail): Are interpreted
according to Table 1. A combination not shown in that table
MUST NOT be used.
bit 3 (ahassingleprelen) and bit 4 (ahasmultiprelen): Are
interpreted according to Table 2. A combination not shown in
that table MUST NOT be used.
bits 5-7: Are RESERVED and SHOULD each be cleared ('0') on
transmission and SHOULD be ignored on reception.
+--------------+--------------+---------------+---------------------+
| ahasfulltail | ahaszerotail | <tail-length> | <tail> |
+--------------+--------------+---------------+---------------------+
| 0 | 0 | not included | not included |
| 1 | 0 | included | included unless |
| | | | <tail-length> is |
| | | | zero |
| 0 | 1 | included | not included |
+--------------+--------------+---------------+---------------------+
Table 1: Interpretation of the ahasfulltail and ahaszerotail flags
+------------+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| ahassingle | ahasmulti | number of | prefix length of the |
| prelen | prelen | <prefix-length> | nth address prefix, |
| | | fields | in bits |
+------------+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 * address-length |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | <prefix-length> |
| 0 | 1 | <num-addr> | nth <prefix-length> |
+------------+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
Table 2: Interpretation of the
ahassingleprelen and ahasmultiprelen flags
<head-length> if present, is an 8-bit unsigned integer field that
contains the number of octets in the Head of all of the addresses
in the Address Block, i.e., each <head> element included is <head-
length> octets long.
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head-length is a variable, defined to equal <head-length>, if
present, or 0 otherwise.
<head> is omitted if head-length is equal to 0; otherwise, it is a
field of the head-length leftmost octets common to all the
addresses in the Address Block.
<tail-length> if present, is an 8-bit unsigned integer field that
contains the number of octets in the Tail of all of the addresses
in the Address Block, i.e., each <tail> element included is <tail-
length> octets long.
tail-length is a variable, defined to equal <tail-length>, if
present, or 0 otherwise.
<tail> is omitted if tail-length is equal to 0, or if the
ahaszerotail flag is set ('1'); otherwise, it is a field of the
tail-length rightmost octets common to all the addresses in the
Address Block. If the ahaszerotail flag is set ('1'), then the
tail-length rightmost octets of all the addresses in the Address
Block are 0.
mid-length is a variable that MUST be non-negative, defined by:
mid-length := address-length - head-length - tail-length
i.e., each <mid> element included is mid-length octets long.
<mid> is omitted if mid-length is equal to 0; otherwise, each <mid>
is a field of length mid-length octets, representing the Mid of
the corresponding address in the Address Block. When not omitted,
an Address Block contains exactly <num-addr> <mid> fields.
<prefix-length> is an 8-bit unsigned integer field containing the
length, in bits, of an address prefix. If the ahassingleprelen
flag is set ('1'), then a single <prefix-length> field is included
that contains the prefix length of all addresses in the Address
Block. If the ahasmultiprelen flag is set ('1'), then <num-addr>
<prefix-length> fields are included, each of which contains the
prefix length of the corresponding address prefix in the Address
Block (in the same order). Otherwise, no <prefix-length> fields
are present; each address object can be considered to have a
prefix length equal to 8 * address-length bits. The Address Block
is malformed if any <prefix-length> element has a value greater
than 8 * address-length.
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5.4. TLVs and TLV Blocks
A TLV allows the association of an arbitrary attribute with a message
or a packet, or with a single address or a contiguous set of
addresses in an Address Block. The attribute (value) is made up from
an integer number of consecutive octets. Different attributes have
different types; attributes that are unknown when parsing can be
skipped.
TLVs are grouped in TLV Blocks, with all TLVs within a TLV Block
associating attributes with either the packet (for the TLV Block in
the Packet Header), the message (for the TLV Block immediately
following the Message Header), or to addresses in the immediately
preceding Address Block. Individual TLVs in a TLV Block immediately
following an Address Block can associate attributes to a single
address, a range of addresses, or all addresses in that Address
Block. When associating an attribute with more than one address, a
TLV can include one value for all addresses or one value per address.
Detailed examples of TLVs are included in Appendix C.2.
A TLV Block is defined by:
<tlv-block> := <tlvs-length>
<tlv>*
where:
<tlvs-length> is a 16-bit unsigned integer field that contains the
total number of octets in all of the immediately following <tlv>
elements (<tlvs-length> not included).
<tlv> is as defined in Section 5.4.1.
5.4.1. TLVs
There are three kinds of TLV, each represented by an element <tlv>:
o A Packet TLV, included in the Packet TLV Block in a Packet Header.
o A Message TLV, included in the Message TLV Block in a message,
before any Address Blocks.
o An Address Block TLV, included in an Address Block TLV Block
following an Address Block. An Address Block TLV applies to:
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* all address objects in the Address Block, OR
* any continuous sequence of address objects in the Address
Block, OR
* a single address object in the Address Block.
<tlv> is defined by:
<tlv> := <tlv-type>
<tlv-flags>
<tlv-type-ext>?
(<index-start><index-stop>?)?
(<length><value>?)?
where:
<tlv-type> is an 8-bit unsigned integer field, specifying the type
of the TLV, specific to the TLV kind (i.e., Packet TLV, Message
TLV, or Address Block TLV).
<tlv-flags> is an 8-bit field specifying the interpretation of the
remainder of the TLV:
bit 0 (thastypeext): If cleared ('0'), then <tlv-type-ext> is not
included in the <tlv>. If set ('1'), then <tlv-type-ext> is
included in the <tlv>.
bit 1 (thassingleindex) and bit 2 (thasmultiindex): Are
interpreted according to Table 3. A combination not shown in
that table MUST NOT be used. Both of these flags MUST be
cleared ('0') in Packet TLVs and Message TLVs.
bit 3 (thasvalue) and bit 4 (thasextlen): Are interpreted
according to Table 4. A combination not shown in that table
MUST NOT be used.
bit 5 (tismultivalue): This flag serves to specify how the
<value> field is interpreted, as specified below. This flag
MUST be cleared ('0') in Packet TLVs and Message TLVs, if the
thasmultiindex flag is cleared ('0'), or if the thasvalue flag
is cleared ('0').
bits 6-7: Are RESERVED and SHOULD each be cleared ('0') on
transmission and SHOULD be ignored on reception.
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+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------+
| thassingleindex | thasmultiindex | <index-start> | <index-stop> |
+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------+
| 0 | 0 | not included | not included |
| 1 | 0 | included | not included |
| 0 | 1 | included | included |
+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------+
Table 3: Interpretation of the
thassingleindex and thasmultiindex flags
+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------------------+
| thasvalue | thasextlen | <length> | <value> |
+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------------------+
| 0 | 0 | not included | not included |
| 1 | 0 | 8 bits | included unless <length> |
| | | | is zero |
| 1 | 1 | 16 bits | included unless <length> |
| | | | is zero |
+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------------------+
Table 4: Interpretation of the thasvalue and thasextlen flags
<tlv-type-ext> is an 8-bit unsigned integer field, specifying an
extension of the TLV Type, specific to the TLV Type and kind
(i.e., Packet TLV, Message TLV, or Address Block TLV).
tlv-type-ext is a variable, defined to equal <tlv-type-ext>, if
present, or 0 otherwise.
tlv-fulltype is a variable, defined by:
tlv-fulltype := 256 * <tlv-type> + tlv-type-ext
<index-start> and <index-stop> when present, in an Address Block TLV
only, are each an 8-bit unsigned integer field.
index-start and index-stop are variables, defined according to
Table 5. The variable end-index is defined as follows:
* For Message TLVs and Packet TLVs:
end-index := 0
* For Address Block TLVs:
end-index := <num-addr> - 1
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An Address Block TLV applies to the address objects from position
index-start to position index-stop (inclusive) in the Address
Block, where the first address object has position zero.
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+
| thassingleindex | thasmultiindex | index-start := | index-stop := |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+
| 0 | 0 | 0 | end-index |
| 1 | 0 | <index-start> | <index-start> |
| 0 | 1 | <index-start> | <index-stop> |
+-----------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+
Table 5: Interpretation of the
thassingleindex and thasmultiindex flags
number-values is a variable, defined by:
number-values := index-stop - index-start + 1
<length> is omitted or is an 8-bit or 16-bit unsigned integer field
according to Table 4. If the tismultivalue flag is set ('1'),
then <length> MUST be an integral multiple of number-values, and
the variable single-length is defined by:
single-length := <length> / number-values
If the tismultivalue flag is cleared ('0'), then the variable
single-length is defined by:
single-length := <length>
<value> if present (see Table 4), is a field of length <length>
octets. In an Address Block TLV, <value> is associated with the
address objects from positions index-start to index-stop,
inclusive. If the tismultivalue flag is cleared ('0'), then the
whole of this field is associated with each of the indicated
address objects. If the tismultivalue flag is set ('1'), then
this field is divided equally into number-values fields, each of
length single-length octets, and these are associated, in order,
with the indicated address objects.
5.4.2. TLV Usage
A TLV associates an attribute with a packet, a message, or one or
more consecutive address objects in an Address Block. The
interpretation and processing of this attribute, and the relationship
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(including order of processing) between different attributes
associated with the same entity MUST be defined by any protocol that
uses this specification.
Any protocol using this specification MUST define appropriate
behaviors if this associated information is inconsistent, in
particular if two TLVs of the same type but with different values
apply to the same entity (packet, message, or address) but this is
not meaningful. The protocol MUST also specify an appropriate
processing order for TLVs associated with a given entity.
5.5. Malformed Elements
An element is malformed if it cannot be parsed according to its
syntactical specification (including if there are insufficient octets
available). If the malformed element is in the Packet Header, then
the packet MUST be silently discarded, and contained messages MUST
NOT be processed and MUST NOT be forwarded. If the malformed element
is contained in a message (i.e., is in the Message TLV Block, an
Address Block, or an Address Block TLV Block), then that message MUST
be silently discarded; it MUST NOT be processed and MUST NOT be
forwarded.
6. IANA Considerations
This document introduces four namespaces that have been registered:
Message Types, Packet TLV Types, Message TLV Types, and Address Block
TLV Types. This section specifies IANA registries for these
namespaces and provides guidance to the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority regarding registrations in these namespaces.
The following terms are used with the meanings defined in [BCP26]:
"Namespace", "Assigned Value", "Registration", "Unassigned",
"Reserved", "Hierarchical Allocation", and "Designated Expert".
The following policies are used with the meanings defined in [BCP26]:
"Private Use", "Expert Review", and "Standards Action".
6.1. Expert Review: Evaluation Guidelines
For registration requests where an Expert Review is required, the
Designated Expert SHOULD take the following general recommendations
into consideration:
o The purpose of these registries is to support Standard and
Experimental MANET routing and related protocols and extensions to
these protocols.
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o The intention is that all registrations will be accompanied by a
published RFC.
o In order to allow for registration prior to the RFC being approved
for publication, the Designated Expert can approve the
registration once it seems clear that an RFC is expected to be
published.
o The Designated Expert will post a request to the MANET WG mailing
list, or to a successor thereto as designated by the Area
Director, for comments and reviews. This request will include a
reference to the Internet-Draft requesting the registration.
o Before a period of 30 days has passed, the Designated Expert will
either approve or deny the registration request and publish a note
of the decision to the MANET WG mailing list or its successor, as
well as inform IANA and the IESG. A denial note MUST be justified
by an explanation and, in cases where it is possible, suggestions
as to how the request can be modified so as to become acceptable
SHOULD be provided.
For the registry for Message Types, the following guidelines apply:
o Registration of a Message Type implies creation of two registries
for Message-Type-specific Message TLVs and Message-Type-specific
Address Block TLVs. The document that requests the registration
of the Message Type MUST indicate how these Message-Type-specific
TLV Types are to be allocated, from any options in [BCP26], and
any initial allocations. The Designated Expert SHOULD take the
allocation policies specified for these registries into
consideration in reviewing the Message Type allocation request.
For the registries for Packet TLV Types, Message TLV Types, and
Address Block TLV Types, the following guidelines apply:
o These are Hierarchical Allocations, i.e., allocation of a type
creates a registry for the extended types corresponding to that
type. The document that requests the registration of the type
MUST indicate how these extended types are to be allocated, from
any options in [BCP26], and any initial allocations. Normally
this allocation should also undergo Expert Review, but with the
possible allocation of some type extensions as Reserved,
Experimental, and/or Private.
o The request for a TLV Type MUST include the specification of the
permitted size, syntax of any internal structure, and meaning, of
the Value field (if any) of the TLV.
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For the registries for Message TLV Types and Address Block TLV Types,
the following additional guidelines apply:
o TLV Type values 0-127 are common for all Message Types. TLVs that
receive registrations from the 0-127 interval SHOULD be modular in
design to allow reuse among protocols.
o TLV Type values 128-223 are Message-Type-specific TLV Type values,
relevant only in the context of the containing Message Type.
Registration of TLV Type values within the 128-223 interval
requires that a registry in the 128-223 interval exists for a
specific Message Type value (see Section 6.2.1), and registrations
are made in accordance with the allocation policies specified for
these Message-Type-specific registries. Message-Type-specific TLV
Types SHOULD be registered for TLVs that the Designated Expert
deems too Message-Type-specific for registration of a 0-127 value.
Multiple different TLV definitions MAY be assigned the same TLV
Type value within the 128-223 interval, given that they are
associated with different Message-Type-specific TLV Type
registries. Where possible, existing global TLV definitions and
modular global TLV definitions for registration in the 0-127 range
SHOULD be used.
6.2. Message Types
A new registry for Message Types has been created, with initial
assignments and allocation policies as specified in Table 6.
+---------+-------------+-------------------+
| Type | Description | Allocation Policy |
+---------+-------------+-------------------+
| 0-223 | Unassigned | Expert Review |
| 224-255 | Unassigned | Experimental Use |
+---------+-------------+-------------------+
Table 6: Message Types
6.2.1. Message-Type-Specific TLV Registry Creation
When a Message Type is registered, then registries MUST be specified
for both Message-Type-specific Message TLVs (Table 8) and Message-
Type-specific Address Block TLVs (Table 10). A document that creates
a Message-Type-specific TLV registry MUST also specify the mechanism
by which Message-Type-specific TLV Types are allocated, from among
those in [BCP26].
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6.3. Packet TLV Types
A new registry for Packet TLV Types has been created, with initial
assignments and allocation policies as specified in Table 7.
+---------+-------------+-------------------+
| Type | Description | Allocation Policy |
+---------+-------------+-------------------+
| 0-223 | Unassigned | Expert Review |
| 224-255 | Unassigned | Experimental Use |
+---------+-------------+-------------------+
Table 7: Packet TLV Types
6.3.1. Packet TLV Type Extension Registry Creation
When a Packet TLV Type is registered, then a new registry for type
extensions of that type must be created. A document that defines a
Packet TLV Type MUST also specify the mechanism by which its type
extensions are allocated, from among those in [BCP26].
6.4. Message TLV Types
A new registry for Message-Type-independent Message TLV Types has
been created, with initial assignments and allocation policies as
specified in Table 8.
+---------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| Type | Description | Allocation Policy |
+---------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| 0-127 | Unassigned | Expert Review |
| 128-223 | Message-Type-specific | Reserved, see Table 9 |
| 224-255 | Unassigned | Experimental Use |
+---------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
Table 8: Message TLV Types
Message TLV Types 128-223 are reserved for Message-Type-specific
Message TLVs, for which a new registry is created with the
registration of a Message Type, and with initial assignments and
allocation policies as specified in Table 9.
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+---------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| Type | Description | Allocation Policy |
+---------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| 0-127 | Common to all Message Types | Reserved |
| 128-223 | Message-Type-specific | See Below |
| 224-255 | Common to all Message Types | Reserved |
+---------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
Table 9: Message-Type-specific Message TLV Types
Allocation policies for Message-Type-specific Message TLV Types MUST
be specified when creating the registry associated with the
containing Message Type, see Section 6.2.1.
6.4.1. Message TLV Type Extension Registry Creation
If a Message TLV Type is registered, then a new registry for type
extensions of that type must be created. A document that defines a
Message TLV Type MUST also specify the mechanism by which its type
extensions are allocated, from among those in [BCP26].
6.5. Address Block TLV Types
A new registry for Message-Type-independent Address Block TLV Types
has been created, with initial assignments and allocation policies as
specified in Table 10.
+---------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Type | Description | Allocation Policy |
+---------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| 0-127 | Unassigned | Expert Review |
| 128-223 | Message-Type-specific | Reserved, see Table 11 |
| 224-255 | Unassigned | Experimental Use |
+---------+-----------------------+------------------------+
Table 10: Address Block TLV Types
Address Block TLV Types 128-223 are reserved for Message-Type-
specific Address Block TLVs, for which a new registry is created with
the registration of a Message Type, and with initial assignments and
allocation policies as specified in Table 11.
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+---------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| Type | Description | Allocation Policy |
+---------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| 0-127 | Common to all Message Types | Reserved |
| 128-223 | Message-Type-specific | See Below |
| 224-255 | Common to all Message Types | Reserved |
+---------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
Table 11: Message-Type-specific Address Block TLV Types
Allocation policies for Message-Type-specific Address Block TLV Types
MUST be specified when creating the registry associated with the
containing Message Type, see Section 6.2.1.
6.5.1. Address Block TLV Type Extension Registry Creation
When an Address Block TLV Type is registered, then a new registry for
type extensions of that type must be created. A document that
defines a Message TLV Type MUST also specify the mechanism by which
its type extensions are allocated, from among those in [BCP26].
7. Security Considerations
This specification does not describe a protocol; it describes a
packet format. As such, it does not specify any security
considerations; these are matters for a protocol using this
specification. However, some security mechanisms are enabled by this
specification and may form part of a protocol using this
specification. Mechanisms that may form part of an authentication
and integrity approach in a protocol using this specification are
described in Section 7.1. Mechanisms that may form part of a
confidentiality approach in a protocol using this specification are
described in Section 7.2. There is, however, no requirement that a
protocol using this specification should use either.
7.1. Authentication and Integrity Suggestions
The authentication and integrity suggestions made here are based on
the intended usage in Appendix B, specifically that:
o Messages are designed to be carriers of protocol information and
MAY, at each hop, be forwarded and/or processed by the protocol
using this specification.
o Packets are designed to carry a number of messages between
neighboring MANET routers in a single transmission and over a
single logical hop.
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Consequently:
o For forwarded messages where the message is unchanged by
forwarding MANET routers, end-to-end authentication and integrity
MAY be implemented, between MANET routers with an existing
security association, by including a suitable Message TLV
containing a cryptographic signature in the message. Since <msg-
hop-count> and <msg-hop-limit> are the only fields that should be
modified when such a message is forwarded in this manner, this
signature can be calculated based on the entire message, including
the Message Header, with the <msg-hop-count> and <msg-hop-limit>
fields set to 0, if present.
o Hop-by-hop packet level authentication and integrity MAY be
implemented, between MANET routers with an existing security
association, by including a suitable Packet TLV containing a
cryptographic signature to the packet. Since packets are received
as transmitted, this signature can be calculated based on the
entire packet or on parts thereof as appropriate.
7.2. Confidentiality Suggestions
This specification does not explicitly enable protecting packet/
message confidentiality. Such confidentiality would normally, when
required, be provided hop-by-hop, either by link-layer mechanisms or
at the IP layer using [RFC4301], and would apply to a packet only.
It is possible, however, for a protocol using this specification to
protect the confidentiality of information included in a Packet,
Message, or Address Block TLV by specifying that the Value field of
that TLV Type be encrypted, as well as specifying the encryption
mechanism.
In an extreme case, all information can be encrypted by defining
either:
o A packet, consisting of only a Packet Header (with no messages)
and containing a Packet TLV, where the Packet TLV Type indicates
that its Value field contains one or more encrypted messages.
Upon receipt, and once this Packet TLV is successfully decrypted,
these messages may then be parsed according to this specification
and processed according to the protocol using this specification.
o A message, consisting of only a Message Header and a single
Message TLV, where the Message TLV Type indicates that its Value
field contains an encrypted version of the message's remaining
Message TLVs, Address Blocks, and Address Block TLVs. Upon
receipt, and once this Message TLV is successfully decrypted, the
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complete message may then be parsed according to this
specification and processed according to the protocol using this
specification.
In either case, the protocol MUST define the encrypted TLV Type, as
well as the format of the encrypted data block contained in the Value
field of the TLV.
8. Contributors
This specification is the result of the joint efforts of the
following contributors from the OLSRv2 Design Team, listed
alphabetically:
o Cedric Adjih, INRIA, France, <Cedric.Adjih@inria.fr>
o Emmanuel Baccelli, INRIA, France, <Emmanuel.Baccelli@inria.fr>
o Thomas Heide Clausen, LIX, Ecole Polytechnique, France,
<T.Clausen@computer.org>
o Justin W. Dean, NRL, USA, <jdean@itd.nrl.navy.mil>
o Christopher Dearlove, BAE Systems, UK,
<chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
o Satoh Hiroki, Hitachi SDL, Japan, <hiroki.satoh.yj@hitachi.com>
o Philippe Jacquet, INRIA, France, <Philippe.Jacquet@inria.fr>
o Monden Kazuya, Hitachi SDL, Japan, <kazuya.monden.vw@hitachi.com>
9. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the team behind OLSR [RFC3626],
including Anis Laouiti (INT, France), Pascale Minet, Laurent Viennot
(both at INRIA, France), and Amir Qayyum (Center for Advanced
Research in Engineering, Pakistan) for their contributions. Elwyn
Davies (Folly Consulting, UK), Lars Eggert (Nokia, Finland), Chris
Newman (Sun Microsystems, USA), Tim Polk (NIST, USA), and Magnus
Westerlund (Ericsson, Sweden) all provided detailed reviews and
insightful comments.
The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the following people
for intense technical discussions, early reviews, and comments on the
specification and its components (listed alphabetically):
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o Brian Adamson (NRL)
o Teco Boot (Infinity Networks)
o Florent Brunneau (LIX)
o Ian Chakeres (CenGen)
o Alan Cullen (BAE Systems)
o Ulrich Herberg (LIX)
o Joe Macker (NRL)
o Yasunori Owada (Niigata University)
o Charlie E. Perkins (WiChorus)
o Henning Rogge (FGAN)
o Andreas Schjonhaug (LIX)
and the entire IETF MANET working group.
10. References
10.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, BCP 14, March 1997.
[RFC4291] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
Architecture", RFC 4291, February 2006.
[BCP26] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing
an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
RFC 5226, May 2008.
[SingleUNIX] IEEE Std 1003.1, The Open Group, and ISO/IEC JTC
1/SC22/WG15, "Single UNIX Specification, Version 3,
2004 Edition", April 2004.
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10.2. Informative References
[RFC3626] Clausen, T. and P. Jacquet, "The Optimized Link State
Routing Protocol", RFC 3626, October 2003.
[RFC4301] Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.
[Stevens] Stevens, W., "TCP/IP Illustrated Volume 1 - The
Protocols", 1994.
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Appendix A. Multiplexing and Demultiplexing
The packet and message format specified in this document is designed
to allow zero or more messages to be contained within a single
packet. Such messages may be from the same or different protocols.
Thus, a multiplexing and demultiplexing process MUST be present.
Multiplexing messages on a given MANET router into a single packet,
rather than having each message generate its own packet, reduces the
total number of octets and the number of packets transmitted by that
MANET router.
The multiplexing and demultiplexing process running on a given UDP
port or IP protocol number, and its associated protocols, MUST:
o For each Message Type, a protocol -- unless specified otherwise,
the one making the IANA reservation for that Message Type -- MUST
be designated as the "owner" of that Message Type.
o The Packet Header fields, including the Packet TLV Block, are used
by the multiplexing and demultiplexing process, which MAY make
such information available for use in its protocol instances.
o The <pkt-seq-num> field, if present, contains a sequence number
that is incremented by 1 for each packet generated by a node. The
sequence number after 65535 is 0. In other words, the sequence
number "wraps" in the usual way.
o Incoming messages MUST be either silently discarded or MUST be
delivered to the instance of the protocol that owns the associated
Message Type. Incoming messages SHOULD NOT be delivered to any
other protocol instances and SHOULD NOT be delivered to more than
one protocol instance.
o Outgoing messages of a given type MUST be generated only by the
protocol instance that owns that Message Type and be delivered to
the multiplexing and demultiplexing process.
o If two protocols both wish to use the same Message Type, then this
interaction SHOULD be specified by the protocol that is the
designated owner of that Message Type.
Appendix B. Intended Usage
This appendix describes the intended usage of Message Header fields,
including their content and use. Alternative uses of this
specification are permitted.
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The message format specified in this document is designed to carry
MANET routing protocol signaling between MANET routers and to support
scope-limited flooding as well as point-to-point delivery.
Messages are designed to be able to be forwarded over one or more
logical hops, in a new packet for each logical hop. Each logical hop
may consist of one or more IP hops.
Specifically, scope-limited flooding is supported for messages when:
o The <msg-orig-addr> field, if present, contains the unique
identifier of the MANET router that originated the message.
o The <msg-seq-num> field, if present, contains a sequence number
that starts at 0 when the first message of a given type is
generated by the originator node, and that is incremented by 1 for
each message generated of that type. The sequence number after
65535 is 0. In other words, the sequence number "wraps" in the
usual way.
o If the <msg-orig-addr> and <msg-seq-num> fields are both present,
then the Message Header provides for duplicate suppression, using
the identifier consisting of the message's <msg-orig-addr>, <msg-
seq-num>, and <msg-type>. These serve to uniquely identify the
message in the MANET within the time period until <msg-seq-num> is
repeated, i.e., wraps around to a matching value.
o <msg-hop-limit> field, if present, contains the number of hops on
which the packet is allowed to travel before being discarded by a
MANET router. The <msg-hop-limit> is set by the message
originator and is used to prevent messages from endlessly
circulating in a MANET. When forwarding a message, a MANET router
should decrease the <msg-hop-limit> by 1, and the message should
be discarded when <msg-hop-limit> reaches 0.
o <msg-hop-count> field, if present, contains the number of hops on
which the packet has traveled across the MANET. The <msg-hop-
count> is set to 0 by the message originator and is used to
prevent messages from endlessly circulating in a MANET. When
forwarding a message, a MANET router should increase <msg-hop-
count> by 1 and should discard the message when <msg-hop-count>
reaches 255.
o If the <msg-hop-limit> and <msg-hop-count> fields are both
present, then the Message Header provides the information to make
forwarding decisions for scope-limited flooding. This may be by
any appropriate flooding mechanism specified by a protocol using
this specification.
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Appendix C. Examples
This appendix contains some examples of parts of this specification.
C.1. Address Block Examples
The following examples illustrate how some combinations of addresses
may be efficiently included in Address Blocks. These examples are
for IPv4, with address-length equal to 4. a, b, c, etc. represent
distinct, non-zero octet values.
Note that it is permissible to use a less efficient representation,
in particular one in which the ahashead and ahasfulltail flags are
cleared ('0'), and hence head-length = 0, tail-length = 0, mid-length
= address-length, and (with no address prefixes) the Address Block
consists of the number of addresses, <addr-flags> with value 0, and a
list of the unaggregated addresses. This is the most efficient way
to represent a single address, and the only way to represent, for
example, a.b.c.d and e.f.g.h in one Address Block.
Examples:
o To include a.b.c.d, a.b.e.f, and a.b.g.h:
* head-length = 2;
* tail-length = 0;
* mid-length = 2;
* <addr-flags> has ahashead set (value 128);
* <tail-length> and <tail> are omitted.
The Address Block is then 3 128 2 a b c d e f g h (11 octets).
o To include a.b.c.g and d.e.f.g:
* head-length = 0;
* tail-length = 1;
* mid-length = 3;
* <addr-flags> has ahasfulltail set (value 64);
* <head-length> and <head> are omitted.
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The Address Block is then 2 64 1 g a b c d e f (10 octets).
o To include a.b.d.e and a.c.d.e:
* head-length = 1;
* tail-length = 2;
* mid-length = 1;
* <addr-flags> has ahashead and ahasfulltail set (value 192).
The Address Block is then 2 192 1 a 2 d e b c (9 octets).
o To include a.b.0.0, a.c.0.0, and a.d.0.0:
* head-length = 1;
* tail-length = 2;
* mid-length = 1;
* <addr-flags> has ahashead and ahaszerotail set (value 160);
* <tail> is omitted.
The Address Block is then 3 160 1 a 2 b c d (8 octets).
o To include a.b.0.0 and c.d.0.0:
* head-length = 0;
* tail-length = 2;
* mid-length = 2;
* <addr-flags> has ahaszerotail set (value 32);
* <head> and <tail> are omitted.
The Address Block is then 2 32 2 a b c d (7 octets).
o To include a.b.0.0/n and c.d.0.0/n:
* head-length = 0;
* tail-length = 2;
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* mid-length = 2;
* <addr-flags> has ahaszerotail and ahassingleprelen set (value
48);
* <head> and <tail> are omitted.
The Address Block is then 2 48 2 a b c d n (8 octets).
o To include a.b.0.0/n and c.d.0.0/m:
* head-length = 0;
* tail-length = 2;
* mid-length = 2;
* <addr-flags> has ahaszerotail and ahasmultiprelen set (value
40);
* <head> and <tail> are omitted.
The Address Block is then 2 40 2 a b c d n m (9 octets).
C.2. TLV Examples
Assume the definition of an Address Block TLV with type EXAMPLE1 (and
no type extension) that has single octet values per address. There
are a number of ways in which values a, a, b, and c may be associated
with the four addresses in the preceding Address Block, where c is a
default value that can be omitted.
Examples:
o Using one multivalue TLV to cover all of the addresses:
* <tlv-flags> has thasvalue and tismultivalue set (value 20);
* <index-start> and <index-stop> are omitted;
* <length> = 4 (single-length = 1).
* The TLV is then EXAMPLE1 20 4 a a b c (7 octets).
o Using one multivalue TLV and omitting the last address:
* <tlv-flags> has thasmultiindex, thasvalue, and tismultivalue
set (value 52);
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* <index-start> = 0;
* <index-stop> = 2;
* <length> = 3 (single-length = 1).
* The TLV is then EXAMPLE1 52 0 2 3 a a b (8 octets).
o Using two single value TLVs and omitting the last address. First:
* <tlv-flags> has thasmultiindex and thasvalue set (value 48);
* <index-start> = 0;
* <index-stop> = 1;
* <length> = 1;
* <value> = a.
* The TLV is then EXAMPLE1 48 0 1 1 a (6 octets).
Second:
* <tlv-flags> has thassingleindex and thasvalue set (value 80);
* <index-start> = 2;
* <index-stop> is omitted;
* <length> = 1;
* <value> = b.
* The TLV is then EXAMPLE1 80 2 1 b (5 octets).
Total length of TLVs is 11 octets.
In this case, the first of these is the most efficient. In other
cases, patterns such as the others may be preferred. Regardless of
efficiency, any of these may be used.
Assume the definition of an Address Block TLV with type EXAMPLE2 (and
no type extension) that has no value and that is to be associated
with the second and third addresses in an Address Block. This can be
indicated with a single TLV:
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 33]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
o <tlv-flags> has thasmultiindex set (value 32);
o <index-start> = 1;
o <index-stop> = 2;
o <length> and <value> are omitted.
o The TLV is then EXAMPLE2 32 1 2 (4 octets).
Assume the definition of a Message TLV with type EXAMPLE3 (and no
type extension) that can take a Value field of any length. For such
a TLV with 8 octets of data (a to h):
o <tlv-flags> has thasvalue set (value 16);
o <index-start> and <index-stop> are omitted;
o <length> = 8.
o The TLV is then EXAMPLE3 16 8 a b c d e f g h (11 octets).
If, in this example, the number of data octets were 256 or greater,
then <tlv-flags> would also have thasextlen set and have value 24.
The length would require two octets (most significant first). The
TLV length would be 4 + N octets, where N is the number of data
octets (it can be 3 + N octets if N is 255 or less).
Appendix D. Illustrations
This informative appendix illustrates the elements that are
normatively specified in Section 5.
Bits labeled Rsv should be cleared ('0'). Bits labeled M may be
cleared ('0') or set ('1').
D.1. Packet
This section illustrates possible options for the <packet> element.
These are differentiated by the flags field in the first octet. The
packet may include any number (zero or more) of messages. The number
of messages is determined from when the packet is exhausted, given
the packet length from the network layer.
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 34]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0|0|0|0|0|0|Rsv| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Message |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0|0|0|0|1|0|Rsv| Packet Sequence Number | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 35]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0|0|0|0|0|1|Rsv| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Packet TLV Block |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Message |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 36]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0|0|0|0|1|1|Rsv| Packet Sequence Number | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Packet TLV Block |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 37]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
D.2. Message
This section illustrates possible options for the <message> element.
These are differentiated by their second (flags) octet. The length
of the Message Body is determined using the Message Size field, which
is the combined length of all the fields shown. The field labeled
MAL defines the length of all addresses (including the Originator
Address, if present, and all addresses in Address Blocks) in octets,
as one more than the value in the field.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |0|0|0|0| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |1|0|0|0| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Originator Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |0|1|0|0| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Limit | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 38]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |1|1|0|0| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Originator Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Limit | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |0|0|1|0| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Count | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |1|0|1|0| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Originator Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Count | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 39]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |0|1|1|0| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Limit | Hop Count | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |1|1|1|0| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Originator Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Limit | Hop Count | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |0|0|0|1| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Sequence Number | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 40]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |1|0|0|1| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Originator Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Sequence Number | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |0|1|0|1| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Limit | Message Sequence Number | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |1|1|0|1| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Originator Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Limit | Message Sequence Number | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 41]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |0|0|1|1| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Count | Message Sequence Number | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |1|0|1|1| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Originator Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Count | Message Sequence Number | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |0|1|1|1| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Limit | Hop Count | Message Sequence Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 42]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message Type |1|1|1|1| MAL | Message Size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Originator Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Limit | Hop Count | Message Sequence Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| Message Body |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 43]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
D.3. Message Body
This section illustrates the format of a Message Body (the <message>
element excluding its initial <msg-header> element). The Message
Body includes one Message TLV Block (containing zero or more TLVs)
and may include any number (zero or more) of Address Block and
Address Block TLV Block pairs.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| Message TLV Block |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Address Block |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Address Block TLV Block |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Address Block |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Address Block TLV Block |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 44]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
D.4. Address Block
This section illustrates possible options for the <addr-block>
element. These are differentiated by their second (flags) octet.
The number of Mid elements is equal to the number of addresses
(except when mid-length is zero, when there are no Mid elements).
Where a variable number of prefix length fields is shown, their
number is equal to the number of addresses.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |0|0|0|0|0| Rsv | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid (cont) | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid (cont) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |1|0|0|0|0| Rsv | Head Length | Head |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Head (cont) | Mid | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 45]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |0|1|0|0|0| Rsv | Tail Length | Tail |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Tail (cont) | Mid | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |1|1|0|0|0| Rsv | Head Length | Head |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Head (cont) | Tail Length | Tail |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |0|0|1|0|0| Rsv | Tail Length | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid (cont) | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 46]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |1|0|1|0|0| Rsv | Head Length | Head |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Head (cont) | Tail Length | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
: ... :
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |0|0|0|1|0| Rsv | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid (cont) | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid (cont) | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |1|0|0|1|0| Rsv | Head Length | Head |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Head (cont) | Mid | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 47]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |0|1|0|1|0| Rsv | Tail Length | Tail |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Tail (cont) | Mid | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |1|1|0|1|0| Rsv | Head Length | Head |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Head (cont) | Tail Length | Tail |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |0|0|1|1|0| Rsv | Tail Length | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid (cont) | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 48]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |1|0|1|1|0| Rsv | Head Length | Head |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Head (cont) | Tail Length | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
: ... :
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |0|0|0|0|1| Rsv | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid (cont) | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid (cont) | Prefix Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 49]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |1|0|0|0|1| Rsv | Head Length | Head |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Head (cont) | Mid | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |0|1|0|0|1| Rsv | Tail Length | Tail |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Tail (cont) | Mid | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 50]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |1|1|0|0|1| Rsv | Head Length | Head |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Head (cont) | Tail Length | Tail |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Prefix Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
: ... :
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |0|0|1|0|1| Rsv | Tail Length | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid (cont) | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Mid | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 51]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number Addrs |1|0|1|0|1| Rsv | Head Length | Head |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Head (cont) | Tail Length | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
: ... :
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid | Prefix Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Prefix Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
D.5. TLV Block
This section illustrates the format of a <tlv-block> element. There
may be any number (zero or more) of TLVs, with total length of the
TLVs (in octets) equal to the Length field.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| TLV |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
: ... :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| TLV |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 52]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
D.6. TLV
This section illustrates possible options for the <tlv> element.
These are differentiated by their second (flags) octet. If there are
no Index fields, then this may be a Packet TLV, Message TLV, or
Address Block TLV; if there are one or two Index fields, then this
must be an Address Block TLV. The Length field gives the length of
the Value field (in octets).
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |0|0|0|0|0|0|Rsv|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |1|0|0|0|0|0|Rsv| Type Ext |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |0|1|0|0|0|0|Rsv| Index Start |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |1|1|0|0|0|0|Rsv| Type Ext | Index Start |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |0|0|1|0|0|0|Rsv| Index Start | Index Stop |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |1|0|1|0|0|0|Rsv| Type Ext | Index Start |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Index Stop |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 53]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |0|0|0|1|0|M|Rsv| Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Value |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |1|0|0|1|0|M|Rsv| Type Ext | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| Value |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |0|1|0|1|0|0|Rsv| Index Start | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| Value |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |1|1|0|1|0|0|Rsv| Type Ext | Index Start |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Value |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 54]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |0|0|1|1|0|M|Rsv| Index Start | Index Stop |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Value |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |1|0|1|1|0|M|Rsv| Type Ext | Index Start |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Index Stop | Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Value |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |0|0|0|0|1|M|Rsv| Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| Value |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 55]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |1|0|0|1|1|M|Rsv| Type Ext | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length (cont) | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Value |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |0|1|0|1|1|0|Rsv| Index Start | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length (cont) | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Value |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |1|1|0|1|1|0|Rsv| Type Ext | Index Start |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Value |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 56]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |0|0|1|1|1|M|Rsv| Index Start | Index Stop |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Value |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type |1|0|1|1|1|M|Rsv| Type Ext | Index Start |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Index Stop | Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
| Value |
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Appendix E. Complete Example
The following example packet is included with the intent to exemplify
how Packet Headers and Message Headers are constructed, and how
addresses and attributes are encoded using Address Blocks and TLV
Blocks. This example is specifically not constructed to exhibit
maximum message or packet size reduction.
The Packet Header has the phasseqnum flag of its flags field set
(value 8), and hence has a Packet Sequence Number, but no Packet TLV
Block.
The packet contains a single message with length 54 octets. This
message has the mhasorig, mhashoplimit, mhashopcount, and mhasseqnum
flags of its four-bit flags field set (value 15), and hence includes
an Originator Address, a Hop Limit, a Hop Count, and a Message
Sequence Number (which is type independent). Its four-bit Message
Address Length field has value 3, and hence addresses in the message
have length four octets, here being IPv4 addresses. The message has
a Message TLV Block with content length 9 octets, containing a single
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 57]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
Message TLV. This TLV has the thasvalue flag of its flags octet set
(value 16), and hence contains a Value field, with preceding Value
Length 6 octets. The message then has two Address Blocks, each with
a following Address Block TLV Block.
The first Address Block contains 2 address prefixes. It has the
ahaszerotail and ahassingleprelen flags of its flags octet set (value
48), and hence has no Head (head-length is zero octets). It has a
tail-length of 2 octets, hence mid-length is two octets. The two
Tail octets of each address are not included (since ahaszerotail is
set) and have value zero. The Address Block has a single prefix
length. The following Address Block TLV Block is empty (content
length 0 octets).
The second Address Block contains 3 addresses. It has the ahashead
flag of its flags octet set (value 128), has head-length 2 octets,
and no Tail (tail-length is zero octets); hence, mid-length is two
octets. It is followed by an Address Block TLV Block, with content
length 9 octets, containing two Address Block TLVs. The first of
these TLVs has the thasvalue flag of its flags octet set (value 16),
and has a single value of length 2 octets, which applies to all of
the addresses in the Address Block. The second of these TLVs has the
thasmultiindex flag of its flags octet set (value 32), and hence has
no Value Length or Value fields. It has two Index fields (Index
Start and Index Stop), which indicate those addresses this TLV
applies to (inclusive range, counting from zero).
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 58]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0| Packet Sequence Number | Message Type |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1|0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0| Orig Addr |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Originator Address (cont) | Hop Limit |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Hop Count | Message Sequence Number |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1| TLV Type |0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0|0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Value |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Value (cont) |0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0|0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0| Mid | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid (cont) | Prefix Length |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1|1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0| Head |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Head (cont) | Mid | Mid |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mid (cont) | Mid |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1| TLV Type |0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0|0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Value | TLV Type |0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Index Start | Index Stop |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 59]
RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format February 2009
Authors' Addresses
Thomas Heide Clausen
LIX, Ecole Polytechnique
Phone: +33 6 6058 9349
EMail: T.Clausen@computer.org
URI: http://www.thomasclausen.org/
Christopher M. Dearlove
BAE Systems ATC
Phone: +44 1245 242194
EMail: chris.dearlove@baesystems.com
URI: http://www.baesystems.com/
Justin W. Dean
Naval Research Laboratory
Phone: +1 202 767 3397
EMail: jdean@itd.nrl.navy.mil
URI: http://pf.itd.nrl.navy.mil/
Cedric Adjih
INRIA Rocquencourt
Phone: +33 1 3963 5215
EMail: Cedric.Adjih@inria.fr
URI: http://menetou.inria.fr/~adjih/
Clausen, et al. Standards Track [Page 60]