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RFC 9235
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) J. Touch
Request for Comments: 9235 Independent Consultant
Category: Informational J. Kuusisaari
ISSN: 2070-1721 Infinera
May 2022
TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO) Test Vectors
Abstract
This document provides test vectors to validate implementations of
the two mandatory authentication algorithms specified for the TCP
Authentication Option over both IPv4 and IPv6. This includes
validation of the key derivation function (KDF) based on a set of
test connection parameters as well as validation of the message
authentication code (MAC). Vectors are provided for both currently
required pairs of KDF and MAC algorithms: KDF_HMAC_SHA1 and HMAC-
SHA-1-96, and KDF_AES_128_CMAC and AES-128-CMAC-96. The vectors also
validate both whole TCP segments as well as segments whose options
are excluded for middlebox traversal.
Status of This Memo
This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
published for informational purposes.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents
approved by the IESG are candidates for any level of Internet
Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 7841.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9235.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the
Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described
in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Conventions Used in This Document
3. Input Test Vectors
3.1. TCP Connection Parameters
3.1.1. TCP-AO Parameters
3.1.2. Active (Client) Side Parameters
3.1.3. Passive (Server) Side Parameters
3.1.4. Other IP Fields and Options
3.1.5. Other TCP Fields and Options
4. IPv4 SHA-1 Output Test Vectors
4.1. HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)
4.1.1. Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options)
4.1.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options)
4.1.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
4.1.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
4.2. HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Omits TCP Options)
4.2.1. Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options)
4.2.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options)
4.2.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
4.2.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
5. IPv4 AES-128 Output Test Vectors
5.1. AES-128-CMAC-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)
5.1.1. Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options)
5.1.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options)
5.1.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
5.1.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
5.2. AES-128-CMAC-96 (Omits TCP Options)
5.2.1. Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options)
5.2.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options)
5.2.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
5.2.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
6. IPv6 SHA-1 Output Test Vectors
6.1. HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)
6.1.1. Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options)
6.1.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options)
6.1.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
6.1.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
6.2. HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Omits TCP Options)
6.2.1. Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options)
6.2.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options)
6.2.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
6.2.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
7. IPv6 AES-128 Output Test Vectors
7.1. AES-128-CMAC-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)
7.1.1. Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options)
7.1.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options)
7.1.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
7.1.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
7.2. AES-128-CMAC-96 (Omits TCP Options)
7.2.1. Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options)
7.2.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options)
7.2.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
7.2.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
8. Observed Implementation Errors
8.1. Algorithm Issues
8.2. Algorithm Parameters
8.3. String Handling Issues
8.4. Header Coverage Issues
9. Security Considerations
10. IANA Considerations
11. References
11.1. Normative References
11.2. Informative References
Acknowledgments
Authors' Addresses
1. Introduction
This document provides test vectors to validate the correct
implementation of the TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO) [RFC5925]
and its mandatory cryptographic algorithms defined in [RFC5926]. It
includes the specification of all endpoint parameters to generate the
variety of TCP segments covered by different keys and MAC coverage,
i.e., both the default case and the variant where TCP options are
ignored for middlebox traversal. It also includes both default key
derivation functions (KDFs) and MAC generation algorithms [RFC5926]
and lists common pitfalls of implementing the algorithms correctly.
The experimental extension to support NAT traversal [RFC6978] is not
included in the provided test vectors.
This document provides test vectors from multiple implementations
that have been validated against each other for interoperability.
2. Conventions Used in This Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
3. Input Test Vectors
3.1. TCP Connection Parameters
The following parameters are used throughout this suite of test
vectors. The terms 'active' and 'passive' are used as defined for
TCP [RFC793].
3.1.1. TCP-AO Parameters
The following values are used for all exchanges. This suite does not
test key switchover. The KeyIDs are as indicated for TCP-AO
[RFC5925]. The Master_Key is used to derive the traffic keys
[RFC5926].
Active (client) side KeyID: 61 decimal (0x3d hexadecimal)
Passive (server) side KeyID: 84 decimal (0x54 hexadecimal)
Master_Key: "testvector" (length = 10 bytes)
3.1.2. Active (Client) Side Parameters
The following endpoint parameters are used on the active side of the
TCP connection, i.e., the side that initiates the TCP SYN.
For IPv4: 10.11.12.13 (dotted decimal)
For IPv6: fd00::1 (IPv6 hexadecimal)
TCP port: (varies)
3.1.3. Passive (Server) Side Parameters
The following endpoint parameters are used for the passive side of
the TCP connection, i.e., the side that responds with a TCP SYN-ACK.
For IPv4: 172.27.28.29 (dotted decimal)
For IPv6: fd00::2 (IPv6 hexadecimal)
TCP port = 179 decimal (BGP)
3.1.4. Other IP Fields and Options
No IP options are used in these test vectors.
All IPv4 packets use the following other parameters [RFC791]:
Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) = 111000 binary (CS7) as is
typical for BGP, Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) = 00 binary,
set the Don't Fragment (DF) bit, and clear the More Fragments (MF)
bit.
IPv4 uses a TTL of 255 decimal; IPv6 uses a hop limit of 255 decimal.
All IPv6 packets use the following other parameters [RFC8200]:
traffic class = 0xe0 hexadecimal (DSCP = 111000 binary CS7, as is
typical for BGP, with ECN = 00 binary) and no Extension Headers
(EHs).
3.1.5. Other TCP Fields and Options
The SYN and SYN-ACK segments include Maximum Segment Size (MSS)
[RFC793], No Operation (NOP), Window Scale [RFC7323], Selective
Acknowledgment (SACK) permitted [RFC2018], Timestamp [RFC7323], and
TCP-AO [RFC5925], in that order.
All other example segments include NOP, NOP, Timestamp, and TCP-AO,
in that order.
All segment urgent (URG) pointers are zero [RFC793]. All segments
with data set the push (PSH) flag [RFC793].
Each TCP connection below uses the Initial Sequence Numbers (ISNs) as
indicated at the front of each corresponding section.
4. IPv4 SHA-1 Output Test Vectors
The SHA-1 KDF and MAC algorithms, KDF_HMAC_SHA1 and HMAC-SHA-1-96,
are computed as specified for TCP-AO [RFC5926].
In the following sections, all values are indicated as 2-digit
hexadecimal values with spacing per line representing the contents of
16 consecutive bytes, as is typical for data dumps. The IP/TCP data
indicates the entire IP packet, including the TCP segment and its
options (whether covered by TCP-AO or not, as indicated), including
TCP-AO.
4.1. HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)
4.1.1. Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options)
Client ISN = 0xfbfbab5a
Send_SYN_traffic_key:
6d 63 ef 1b 02 fe 15 09 d4 b1 40 27 07 fd 7b 04
16 ab b7 4f
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 4c dd 0f 40 00 ff 06 bf 6b 0a 0b 0c 0d
ac 1b 1c 1d e9 d7 00 b3 fb fb ab 5a 00 00 00 00
e0 02 ff ff ca c4 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08
04 02 08 0a 00 15 5a b7 00 00 00 00 1d 10 3d 54
2e e4 37 c6 f8 ed e6 d7 c4 d6 02 e7
MAC:
2e e4 37 c6 f8 ed e6 d7 c4 d6 02 e7
4.1.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options)
Server ISN = 0x11c14261
Receive_SYN_traffic_key:
d9 e2 17 e4 83 4a 80 ca 2f 3f d8 de 2e 41 b8 e6
79 7f ea 96
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 4c 65 06 40 00 ff 06 37 75 ac 1b 1c 1d
0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 e9 d7 11 c1 42 61 fb fb ab 5b
e0 12 ff ff 37 76 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08
04 02 08 0a 84 a5 0b eb 00 15 5a b7 1d 10 54 3d
ee ab 0f e2 4c 30 10 81 51 16 b3 be
MAC:
ee ab 0f e2 4c 30 10 81 51 16 b3 be
4.1.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
Send_other_traffic_key:
d2 e5 9c 65 ff c7 b1 a3 93 47 65 64 63 b7 0e dc
24 a1 3d 71
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 87 36 a1 40 00 ff 06 65 9f 0a 0b 0c 0d
ac 1b 1c 1d e9 d7 00 b3 fb fb ab 5b 11 c1 42 62
c0 18 01 04 a1 62 00 00 01 01 08 0a 00 15 5a c1
84 a5 0b eb 1d 10 3d 54 70 64 cf 99 8c c6 c3 15
c2 c2 e2 bf ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da bf 00 b4 0a 0b 0c 0d
26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02
00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da bf 02 08 40
06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
70 64 cf 99 8c c6 c3 15 c2 c2 e2 bf
4.1.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
Receive_other_traffic_key:
d9 e2 17 e4 83 4a 80 ca 2f 3f d8 de 2e 41 b8 e6
79 7f ea 96
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 87 1f a9 40 00 ff 06 7c 97 ac 1b 1c 1d
0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 e9 d7 11 c1 42 62 fb fb ab 9e
c0 18 01 00 40 0c 00 00 01 01 08 0a 84 a5 0b f5
00 15 5a c1 1d 10 54 3d a6 3f 0e cb bb 2e 63 5c
95 4d ea c7 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da c0 00 b4 ac 1b 1c 1d
26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02
00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da c0 02 08 40
06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
a6 3f 0e cb bb 2e 63 5c 95 4d ea c7
4.2. HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Omits TCP Options)
4.2.1. Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options)
Client ISN = 0xcb0efbee
Send_SYN_traffic_key:
30 ea a1 56 0c f0 be 57 da b5 c0 45 22 9f b1 0a
42 3c d7 ea
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 4c 53 99 40 00 ff 06 48 e2 0a 0b 0c 0d
ac 1b 1c 1d ff 12 00 b3 cb 0e fb ee 00 00 00 00
e0 02 ff ff 54 1f 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08
04 02 08 0a 00 02 4c ce 00 00 00 00 1d 10 3d 54
80 af 3c fe b8 53 68 93 7b 8f 9e c2
MAC:
80 af 3c fe b8 53 68 93 7b 8f 9e c2
4.2.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options)
Server ISN = 0xacd5b5e1
Receive_SYN_traffic_key:
b5 b2 89 6b b3 66 4e 81 76 b0 ed c6 e7 99 52 41a
01 a8 30 7f
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 4c 32 84 40 00 ff 06 69 f7 ac 1b 1c 1d
0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 ff 12 ac d5 b5 e1 cb 0e fb ef
e0 12 ff ff 38 8e 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08
04 02 08 0a 57 67 72 f3 00 02 4c ce 1d 10 54 3d
09 30 6f 9a ce a6 3a 8c 68 cb 9a 70
MAC:
09 30 6f 9a ce a6 3a 8c 68 cb 9a 70
4.2.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
Send_other_traffic_key:
f3 db 17 93 d7 91 0e cd 80 6c 34 f1 55 ea 1f 00
34 59 53 e3
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 87 a8 f5 40 00 ff 06 f3 4a 0a 0b 0c 0d
ac 1b 1c 1d ff 12 00 b3 cb 0e fb ef ac d5 b5 e2
c0 18 01 04 6c 45 00 00 01 01 08 0a 00 02 4c ce
57 67 72 f3 1d 10 3d 54 71 06 08 cc 69 6c 03 a2
71 c9 3a a5 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da bf 00 b4 0a 0b 0c 0d
26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02
00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da bf 02 08 40
06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
71 06 08 cc 69 6c 03 a2 71 c9 3a a5
4.2.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
Receive_other_traffic_key:
b5 b2 89 6b b3 66 4e 81 76 b0 ed c6 e7 99 52 41
01 a8 30 7f
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 87 54 37 40 00 ff 06 48 09 ac 1b 1c 1d
0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 ff 12 ac d5 b5 e2 cb 0e fc 32
c0 18 01 00 46 b6 00 00 01 01 08 0a 57 67 72 f3
00 02 4c ce 1d 10 54 3d 97 76 6e 48 ac 26 2d e9
ae 61 b4 f9 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da c0 00 b4 ac 1b 1c 1d
26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02
00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da c0 02 08 40
06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
97 76 6e 48 ac 26 2d e9 ae 61 b4 f9
5. IPv4 AES-128 Output Test Vectors
The AES-128 KDF and MAC algorithms, KDF_AES_128_CMAC and AES-128-
CMAC-96, are computed as specified for TCP-AO [RFC5926].
In the following sections, all values are indicated as 2-digit
hexadecimal values with spacing per line representing the contents of
16 consecutive bytes, as is typical for data dumps. The IP/TCP data
indicates the entire IP packet, including the TCP segment and its
options (whether covered by TCP-AO or not, as indicated), including
TCP-AO.
5.1. AES-128-CMAC-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)
5.1.1. Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options)
Client ISN = 0x787a1ddf
Send_SYN_traffic_key:
f5 b8 b3 d5 f3 4f db b6 eb 8d 4a b9 66 0e 60 e3
IP/TCP:
45 e0 00 4c 7b 9f 40 00 ff 06 20 dc 0a 0b 0c 0d
ac 1b 1c 1d c4 fa 00 b3 78 7a 1d df 00 00 00 00
e0 02 ff ff 5a 0f 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08
04 02 08 0a 00 01 7e d0 00 00 00 00 1d 10 3d 54
e4 77 e9 9c 80 40 76 54 98 e5 50 91
MAC:
e4 77 e9 9c 80 40 76 54 98 e5 50 91
5.1.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options)
Server ISN = 0xfadd6de9
Receive_SYN_traffic_key:
4b c7 57 1a 48 6f 32 64 bb d8 88 47 40 66 b4 b1
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 4c 4b ad 40 00 ff 06 50 ce ac 1b 1c 1d
0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 c4 fa fa dd 6d e9 78 7a 1d e0
e0 12 ff ff f3 f2 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08
04 02 08 0a 93 f4 e9 e8 00 01 7e d0 1d 10 54 3d
d6 ad a7 bc 4c dd 53 6d 17 69 db 5f
MAC:
d6 ad a7 bc 4c dd 53 6d 17 69 db 5f
5.1.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
Send_other_traffic_key:
8c 8a e0 e8 37 1e c5 cb b9 7e a7 9d 90 41 83 91
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 87 fb 4f 40 00 ff 06 a0 f0 0a 0b 0c 0d
ac 1b 1c 1d c4 fa 00 b3 78 7a 1d e0 fa dd 6d ea
c0 18 01 04 95 05 00 00 01 01 08 0a 00 01 7e d0
93 f4 e9 e8 1d 10 3d 54 77 41 27 42 fa 4d c4 33
ef f0 97 3e ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da bf 00 b4 0a 0b 0c 0d
26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02
00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da bf 02 08 40
06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
77 41 27 42 fa 4d c4 33 ef f0 97 3e
5.1.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
Receive_other_traffic_key:
4b c7 57 1a 48 6f 32 64 bb d8 88 47 40 66 b4 b1
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 87 b9 14 40 00 ff 06 e3 2b ac 1b 1c 1d
0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 c4 fa fa dd 6d ea 78 7a 1e 23
c0 18 01 00 e7 db 00 00 01 01 08 0a 93 f4 e9 e8
00 01 7e d0 1d 10 54 3d f6 d9 65 a7 83 82 a7 48
45 f7 2d ac ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da c0 00 b4 ac 1b 1c 1d
26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02
00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da c0 02 08 40
06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
f6 d9 65 a7 83 82 a7 48 45 f7 2d ac
5.2. AES-128-CMAC-96 (Omits TCP Options)
5.2.1. Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options)
Client ISN = 0x389bed71
Send_SYN_traffic_key:
2c db ae 13 92 c4 94 49 fa 92 c4 50 97 35 d5 0e
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 4c f2 2e 40 00 ff 06 aa 4c 0a 0b 0c 0d
ac 1b 1c 1d da 1c 00 b3 38 9b ed 71 00 00 00 00
e0 02 ff ff 70 bf 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08
04 02 08 0a 00 01 85 e1 00 00 00 00 1d 10 3d 54
c4 4e 60 cb 31 f7 c0 b1 de 3d 27 49
MAC:
c4 4e 60 cb 31 f7 c0 b1 de 3d 27 49
5.2.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options)
Server ISN = 0xd3844a6f
Receive_SYN_traffic_key:
3c e6 7a 55 18 69 50 6b 63 47 b6 33 c5 0a 62 4a
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 4c 6c c0 40 00 ff 06 2f bb ac 1b 1c 1d
0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 da 1c d3 84 4a 6f 38 9b ed 72
e0 12 ff ff e4 45 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 03 03 08
04 02 08 0a ce 45 98 38 00 01 85 e1 1d 10 54 3d
3a 6a bb 20 7e 49 b1 be 71 36 db 90
MAC:
3a 6a bb 20 7e 49 b1 be 71 36 db 90
5.2.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
Send_other_traffic_key:
03 5b c4 00 a3 41 ff e5 95 f5 9f 58 00 50 06 ca
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 87 ee 91 40 00 ff 06 ad ae 0a 0b 0c 0d
ac 1b 1c 1d da 1c 00 b3 38 9b ed 72 d3 84 4a 70
c0 18 01 04 88 51 00 00 01 01 08 0a 00 01 85 e1
ce 45 98 38 1d 10 3d 54 75 85 e9 e9 d5 c3 ec 85
7b 96 f8 37 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da bf 00 b4 0a 0b 0c 0d
26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02
00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da bf 02 08 40
06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
75 85 e9 e9 d5 c3 ec 85 7b 96 f8 37
5.2.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
Receive_other_traffic_key:
3c e6 7a 55 18 69 50 6b 63 47 b6 33 c5 0a 62 4a
IPv4/TCP:
45 e0 00 87 6a 21 40 00 ff 06 32 1f ac 1b 1c 1d
0a 0b 0c 0d 00 b3 da 1c d3 84 4a 70 38 9b ed 72
c0 18 01 00 04 49 00 00 01 01 08 0a ce 45 98 38
00 01 85 e1 1d 10 54 3d 5c 04 0f d9 23 33 04 76
5c 09 82 f4 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 da c0 00 b4 ac 1b 1c 1d
26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80 00 02 02 02
00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 da c0 02 08 40
06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
5c 04 0f d9 23 33 04 76 5c 09 82 f4
6. IPv6 SHA-1 Output Test Vectors
The SHA-1 KDF and MAC algorithms, KDF_HMAC_SHA1 and HMAC-SHA-1-96,
are computed as specified for TCP-AO [RFC5926].
6.1. HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)
6.1.1. Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options)
Client ISN = 0x176a833f
Send_SYN_traffic_key:
62 5e c0 9d 57 58 36 ed c9 b6 42 84 18 bb f0 69
89 a3 61 bb
IPv6/TCP:
6e 08 91 dc 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 f7 e4 00 b3 17 6a 83 3f
00 00 00 00 e0 02 ff ff 47 21 00 00 02 04 05 a0
01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 00 41 d0 87 00 00 00 00
1d 10 3d 54 90 33 ec 3d 73 34 b6 4c 5e dd 03 9f
MAC:
90 33 ec 3d 73 34 b6 4c 5e dd 03 9f
6.1.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options)
Server ISN = 0x3f51994b
Receive_SYN_traffic_key:
e4 a3 7a da 2a 0a fc a8 71 14 34 91 3f e1 38 c7
71 eb cb 4a
IPv6/TCP:
6e 01 00 9e 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 f7 e4 3f 51 99 4b
17 6a 83 40 e0 12 ff ff bf ec 00 00 02 04 05 a0
01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a bd 33 12 9b 00 41 d0 87
1d 10 54 3d f1 cb a3 46 c3 52 61 63 f7 1f 1f 55
MAC:
f1 cb a3 46 c3 52 61 63 f7 1f 1f 55
6.1.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
Send_other_traffic_key:
1e d8 29 75 f4 ea 44 4c 61 58 0c 5b d9 0d bd 61
bb c9 1b 7e
IPv6/TCP:
6e 08 91 dc 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 f7 e4 00 b3 17 6a 83 40
3f 51 99 4c c0 18 01 00 32 9c 00 00 01 01 08 0a
00 41 d0 91 bd 33 12 9b 1d 10 3d 54 bf 08 05 fe
b4 ac 7b 16 3d 6f cd f2 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4
01 01 01 79 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80
00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd
e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
bf 08 05 fe b4 ac 7b 16 3d 6f cd f2
6.1.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
Receive_other_traffic_key:
e4 a3 7a da 2a 0a fc a8 71 14 34 91 3f e1 38 c7
71 eb cb 4a
IPv6/TCP:
6e 01 00 9e 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 f7 e4 3f 51 99 4c
17 6a 83 83 c0 18 01 00 ee 6e 00 00 01 01 08 0a
bd 33 12 a5 00 41 d0 91 1d 10 54 3d 6c 48 12 5c
11 33 5b ab 9a 07 a7 97 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4
01 01 01 7a 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80
00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd
e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
6c 48 12 5c 11 33 5b ab 9a 07 a7 97
6.2. HMAC-SHA-1-96 (Omits TCP Options)
6.2.1. Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options)
Client ISN = 0x020c1e69
Send_SYN_traffic_key:
31 a3 fa f6 9e ff ae 52 93 1b 7f 84 54 67 31 5c
27 0a 4e dc
IPv6/TCP:
6e 07 8f cd 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 c6 cd 00 b3 02 0c 1e 69
00 00 00 00 e0 02 ff ff a4 1a 00 00 02 04 05 a0
01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 00 9d b9 5b 00 00 00 00
1d 10 3d 54 88 56 98 b0 53 0e d4 d5 a1 5f 83 46
MAC:
88 56 98 b0 53 0e d4 d5 a1 5f 83 46
6.2.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options)
Server ISN = 0xeba3734d
Receive_SYN_traffic_key:
40 51 08 94 7f 99 65 75 e7 bd bc 26 d4 02 16 a2
c7 fa 91 bd
IPv6/TCP:
6e 0a 7e 1f 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 c6 cd eb a3 73 4d
02 0c 1e 6a e0 12 ff ff 77 4d 00 00 02 04 05 a0
01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 5e c9 9b 70 00 9d b9 5b
1d 10 54 3d 3c 54 6b ad 97 43 f1 2d f8 b8 01 0d
MAC:
3c 54 6b ad 97 43 f1 2d f8 b8 01 0d
6.2.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
Send_other_traffic_key:
b3 4e ed 6a 93 96 a6 69 f1 c4 f4 f5 76 18 f3 65
6f 52 c7 ab
IPv6/TCP:
6e 07 8f cd 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 c6 cd 00 b3 02 0c 1e 6a
eb a3 73 4e c0 18 01 00 83 e6 00 00 01 01 08 0a
00 9d b9 65 5e c9 9b 70 1d 10 3d 54 48 bd 09 3b
19 24 e0 01 19 2f 5b f0 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4
01 01 01 79 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80
00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd
e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
48 bd 09 3b 19 24 e0 01 19 2f 5b f0
6.2.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
Receive_other_traffic_key:
40 51 08 94 7f 99 65 75 e7 bd bc 26 d4 02 16 a2
c7 fa 91 bd
IPv6/TCP:
6e 0a 7e 1f 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 c6 cd eb a3 73 4e
02 0c 1e ad c0 18 01 00 71 6a 00 00 01 01 08 0a
5e c9 9b 7a 00 9d b9 65 1d 10 54 3d 55 9a 81 94
45 b4 fd e9 8d 9e 13 17 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4
01 01 01 7a 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80
00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd
e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
55 9a 81 94 45 b4 fd e9 8d 9e 13 17
7. IPv6 AES-128 Output Test Vectors
The AES-128 KDF and MAC algorithms, KDF_AES_128_CMAC and AES-128-
CMAC-96, are computed as specified for TCP-AO [RFC5926].
7.1. AES-128-CMAC-96 (Default - Covers TCP Options)
7.1.1. Send (Client) SYN (Covers Options)
Client ISN = 0x193cccec
Send_SYN_traffic_key:
fa 5a 21 08 88 2d 39 d0 c7 19 29 17 5a b1 b7 b8
IP/TCP:
6e 04 a7 06 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 f8 5a 00 b3 19 3c cc ec
00 00 00 00 e0 02 ff ff de 5d 00 00 02 04 05 a0
01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 13 e4 ab 99 00 00 00 00
1d 10 3d 54 59 b5 88 10 74 81 ac 6d c3 92 70 40
MAC:
59 b5 88 10 74 81 ac 6d c3 92 70 40
7.1.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Covers Options)
Server ISN = 0xa6744ecb
Receive_SYN_traffic_key:
cf 1b 1e 22 5e 06 a6 36 16 76 4a 06 7b 46 f4 b1
IPv6/TCP:
6e 06 15 20 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 f8 5a a6 74 4e cb
19 3c cc ed e0 12 ff ff ea bb 00 00 02 04 05 a0
01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 71 da ab c8 13 e4 ab 99
1d 10 54 3d dc 28 43 a8 4e 78 a6 bc fd c5 ed 80
MAC:
dc 28 43 a8 4e 78 a6 bc fd c5 ed 80
7.1.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
Send_other_traffic_key:
61 74 c3 55 7a be d2 75 74 db a3 71 85 f0 03 00
IPv6/TCP:
6e 04 a7 06 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 f8 5a 00 b3 19 3c cc ed
a6 74 4e cc c0 18 01 00 32 80 00 00 01 01 08 0a
13 e4 ab a3 71 da ab c8 1d 10 3d 54 7b 6a 45 5c
0d 4f 5f 01 83 5b aa b3 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4
01 01 01 79 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80
00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd
e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
7b 6a 45 5c 0d 4f 5f 01 83 5b aa b3
7.1.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Covers Options)
Receive_other_traffic_key:
cf 1b 1e 22 5e 06 a6 36 16 76 4a 06 7b 46 f4 b1
IPv6/TCP:
6e 06 15 20 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 f8 5a a6 74 4e cc
19 3c cd 30 c0 18 01 00 52 f4 00 00 01 01 08 0a
71 da ab d3 13 e4 ab a3 1d 10 54 3d c1 06 9b 7d
fd 3d 69 3a 6d f3 f2 89 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4
01 01 01 7a 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80
00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd
e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
c1 06 9b 7d fd 3d 69 3a 6d f3 f2 89
7.2. AES-128-CMAC-96 (Omits TCP Options)
7.2.1. Send (Client) SYN (Omits Options)
Client ISN = 0xb01da74a
Send_SYN_traffic_key:
a9 4f 51 12 63 e4 09 3d 35 dd 81 8c 13 bb bf 53
IPv6/TCP:
6e 09 3d 76 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 f2 88 00 b3 b0 1d a7 4a
00 00 00 00 e0 02 ff ff 75 ff 00 00 02 04 05 a0
01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 14 27 5b 3b 00 00 00 00
1d 10 3d 54 3d 45 b4 34 2d e8 bb 15 30 84 78 98
MAC:
3d 45 b4 34 2d e8 bb 15 30 84 78 98
7.2.2. Receive (Server) SYN-ACK (Omits Options)
Server ISN = 0xa6246145
Receive_SYN_traffic_key:
92 de a5 bb c7 8b 1d 9f 5b 29 52 e9 cd 30 64 2a
IPv6/TCP:
6e 0c 60 0a 00 38 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 f2 88 a6 24 61 45
b0 1d a7 4b e0 12 ff ff a7 0c 00 00 02 04 05 a0
01 03 03 08 04 02 08 0a 17 82 24 5b 14 27 5b 3b
1d 10 54 3d 1d 01 f6 c8 7c 6f 93 ac ff a9 d4 b5
MAC:
1d 01 f6 c8 7c 6f 93 ac ff a9 d4 b5
7.2.3. Send (Client) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
Send_other_traffic_key:
4f b2 08 6e 40 2c 67 90 79 ed 65 d4 bf 97 69 3d
IPv6/TCP:
6e 09 3d 76 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 f2 88 00 b3 b0 1d a7 4b
a6 24 61 46 c0 18 01 00 c3 6d 00 00 01 01 08 0a
14 27 5b 4f 17 82 24 5b 1d 10 3d 54 29 0c f4 14
cc b4 7a 33 32 76 e7 f8 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4
01 01 01 79 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80
00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd
e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
29 0c f4 14 cc b4 7a 33 32 76 e7 f8
7.2.4. Receive (Server) Non-SYN (Omits Options)
Receive_other_traffic_key:
92 de a5 bb c7 8b 1d 9f 5b 29 52 e9 cd 30 64 2a
IPv6/TCP:
6e 0c 60 0a 00 73 06 40 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 fd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 b3 f2 88 a6 24 61 46
b0 1d a7 8e c0 18 01 00 34 51 00 00 01 01 08 0a
17 82 24 65 14 27 5b 4f 1d 10 54 3d 99 51 5f fc
d5 40 34 99 f6 19 fd 1b ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 43 01 04 fd e8 00 b4
01 01 01 7a 26 02 06 01 04 00 01 00 01 02 02 80
00 02 02 02 00 02 02 42 00 02 06 41 04 00 00 fd
e8 02 08 40 06 00 64 00 01 01 00
MAC:
99 51 5f fc d5 40 34 99 f6 19 fd 1b
8. Observed Implementation Errors
The following is a partial list of implementation errors that this
set of test vectors is intended to validate.
8.1. Algorithm Issues
* The underlying implementation of HMAC-SHA-1-96 or AES-128-CMAC-96
does not pass their corresponding test vectors [RFC2202]
[RFC4493].
* The SNE algorithm does not consider corner cases, possibly because
the pseudocode in [RFC5925] was not intended as complete, as
discussed in [RFC9187], the latter of which includes its own
validation sequence.
8.2. Algorithm Parameters
* KDF context length is incorrect, e.g., it does not include TCP
header length + payload length (it should, per Section 5.2 of
TCP-AO [RFC5925]).
* KDF calculation does not start from counter i = 1 (it should, per
Section 3.1.1 of TCP-AO crypto algorithms [RFC5926]).
* KDF calculation does not include output length in bits, contained
in two bytes in network byte order (it should, per Section 3.1.1
of the TCP-AO crypto algorithms [RFC5926]).
* KDF uses keys generated from current TCP segment sequence numbers
(KDF should use only local and remote ISNs or zero, as indicated
in Section 5.2 of TCP-AO [RFC5925]).
8.3. String Handling Issues
The strings indicated in TCP-AO and its algorithms are indicated as a
sequence of bytes of known length. In some implementations, string
lengths are indicated by a terminal value (e.g., zero in C). This
terminal value is not included as part of the string for
calculations.
* The password includes the last zero-byte (it should not).
* The label "TCP-AO" includes the last zero byte (it should not).
8.4. Header Coverage Issues
* TCP checksum and/or MAC is not zeroed properly before calculation
(both should be).
* TCP header is not included in the MAC calculation (it should be).
* TCP options are not included in the MAC calculation by default.
There is a separate parameter in the Master Key Tuple (MKT) [RFC5925]
to ignore options; this document provides test vectors for both
options-included and options-excluded cases.
9. Security Considerations
This document is intended to assist in the validation of
implementations of TCP-AO to further enable its more widespread use
as a security mechanism to authenticate not only TCP payload contents
but the TCP headers and protocol.
The Master_Key of "testvector" used here for test vector generation
SHOULD NOT be used operationally.
10. IANA Considerations
This document has no IANA actions.
11. References
11.1. Normative References
[RFC791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
DOI 10.17487/RFC791, September 1981,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc791>.
[RFC793] Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7,
RFC 793, DOI 10.17487/RFC793, September 1981,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc793>.
[RFC2018] Mathis, M., Mahdavi, J., Floyd, S., and A. Romanow, "TCP
Selective Acknowledgment Options", RFC 2018,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2018, October 1996,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2018>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC5925] Touch, J., Mankin, A., and R. Bonica, "The TCP
Authentication Option", RFC 5925, DOI 10.17487/RFC5925,
June 2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5925>.
[RFC5926] Lebovitz, G. and E. Rescorla, "Cryptographic Algorithms
for the TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO)", RFC 5926,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5926, June 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5926>.
[RFC6978] Touch, J., "A TCP Authentication Option Extension for NAT
Traversal", RFC 6978, DOI 10.17487/RFC6978, July 2013,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6978>.
[RFC7323] Borman, D., Braden, B., Jacobson, V., and R.
Scheffenegger, Ed., "TCP Extensions for High Performance",
RFC 7323, DOI 10.17487/RFC7323, September 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7323>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8200] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8200>.
11.2. Informative References
[RFC2202] Cheng, P. and R. Glenn, "Test Cases for HMAC-MD5 and HMAC-
SHA-1", RFC 2202, DOI 10.17487/RFC2202, September 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2202>.
[RFC4493] Song, JH., Poovendran, R., Lee, J., and T. Iwata, "The
AES-CMAC Algorithm", RFC 4493, DOI 10.17487/RFC4493, June
2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4493>.
[RFC9187] Touch, J., "Sequence Number Extension for Windowed
Protocols", RFC 9187, DOI 10.17487/RFC9187, January 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9187>.
Acknowledgments
This work benefited from feedback from Russ Housley and Michael
Scharf as well as discussions on the IETF TCPM email list and with
the IESG.
This document was initially prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot.
Authors' Addresses
Joe Touch
Manhattan Beach, CA 90266
United States of America
Phone: +1 (310) 560-0334
Email: touch@strayalpha.com
Juhamatti Kuusisaari
Infinera Corporation
Sinimaentie 6c
FI-02630 Espoo
Finland
Email: jkuusisaari@infinera.com